SOCIO 211: Inequality
42 Cards in this Set
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sociology
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systematic study of social life
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durkheim : suicide
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protestatns more likely than catholics or jews bc relies on own judgement
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societies
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groups of people who share a sacred symbol
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ritual
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setting aside of certain things that are sacred
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dualism of human nature
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ordinary and collective consciousnes
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what constitutes inequality?
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opportunity (fair play)
outcome (fair share)
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Stages of societal development
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MARX
capitalism, socialism, slavery, edt
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class is more than relationship to the means of production
- ones life chances in the market
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weber
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power in 3 spheres
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weber
economic realm
social realm
political real
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sociological debate- Durkheim
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how maintaining order works based on solidarity
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functionalism
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Also called structural functionalism. a theoreticalorientation that views society as a system of interdependentparts whose functions contribute to the stability and survival ofthe system.
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Davis and Moore
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Functionalism
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properties of functionalism
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division of labor
motivation to work
- stratification does this through system of rewards
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Melvin-Tumin
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Conflict
-efficient and productive?
-fair?
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Functionalist descendents (Durkheim)
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parsons
robert merton
davis, moore
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Conflict descendants (Marx, Weber)
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Dahrendorf
mills (sociological imagination)
Tumin
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all sorts of cleavages in society that manifest depend on the historical moment (class, status, party)
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weber
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in the long run, cleavages will coalesce around class formations
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marx
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historical materialism
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marx
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historical materialism
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material conditions of history drive historical change
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Lenski and social ecology
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in societies without significant lasting material goods, you have egalitarian structures
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emphasized group competition
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weber
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symbolic markers of prestige and privilege
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high status groups look for symbolic things they can monopolize and transmit to children that other people will have limited access to to maintain status
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monopolization and transmission
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Gerhard Lenski
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Cultural Capital
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Pierre Bourdieu
key: skills for good performance are not taught in school
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Sorting by education
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covers up structural things that block success
-structural barriers become interpreted as personal failings
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Studies huge amount of unexplained variances in mobility models
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christopher jencks
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good traits only account for
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50% of variation in outcome
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2 reasons schools don't matter
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1. cultural capital
2. schools create within school variance
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much of our behavior is driven by
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rules that come to us through institutional arrangements
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negative consequence of inequality
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creates demoralization
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why does inequality increase demoralization
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when people see themselves falling behind a culturally defined line that defines if you've made it or not, they feel demoralized
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poverty and widening inequality are bad because
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increases demoralization
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Hollinshead
Elmstown youth new haven ct
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5 class system studied high school by family background
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how does class influence mental health?
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working class- psychosis
middle class- neurosis
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advantages to categorizing class
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-closer to how people in community thought about class
-reveals people's style of life
-relates categories to social and economic changes
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disadvantages to categorizing class approaches
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-makes it hard to study differences between individuals
-why do some succeed/fail?
- how does family background influence success?
- different categorizing systems make comparisons difficult
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newer ideas for stratification
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- more continuous less categorical data
-measures mobility
- answers questions on influence of parents backgrounds
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why is measuring mobility complicated?
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due to frequency with which relevant variables are correlated
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conducted a methodically innovative study that analyzed complex relationship between career success and failure
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Blau and Ducan
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Father- Son mobility model unknown
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58%
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Lloyd warner yankee city, 30s
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hierarchy based on social and economic distinctions
used clique and association
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SOCIO 211: Inequality