CHMY 121IN: Exam 2
44 Cards in this Set
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Bonding
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Involves the electrons in the outermost electron orbital
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Ionic Bonding
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Losing, giving up, donating of valence electrons coupled with the gaining, giving up or accepting of valence electrons
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Ionic bonds
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Forming ions that come together
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What forms covalent bonds
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Sharing of valence electrons
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Which atoms only donate valence electrons?
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+ charged cations
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Which atoms only accept electrons?
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- charged anions
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Which atoms don't donate or accept electrons, only share them?
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Group IVA
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Which atoms accept valence electrons or share them?
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Nonmetals
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Which atom does just about everything?
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Hydrogen
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What all can hydrogen do?
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Donate electrons
Accept electrons
Share electrons
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Which atoms don't do anything for bonding?
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Noble/Inert Gas (Group VIIIA)
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Octet Rule
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Whenever the outermost electron orbital contains 8 electrons, it confers stability
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What is the max amount of electrons that can be given up or taken up?
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3e-
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Electrons with 1e, 2e, 3e in outermost electron orbital most readily gives them up to be what?
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Cations
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Elements with 5e, 6e, 7e in outermost electron orbital takes up electrons to be what?
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Anion
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What is anions naming suffix?
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"-ide"
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Covalent bonding
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Sharing electrons to fill the outermost electron orbital
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Which 3 groups don't share electrons and don't do covalent bonding?
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Groups IA, IIA, IIIA
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What shares electrons to form covalent bonds?
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Non metals
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Covalent valence
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Number of electrons that must be shared (Number of covalent bonds)
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What is the maximum number of bonds between any 2 atoms?
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3 bonds
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What is the covalent valence of Group IVA?
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4
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What is the covalent valence of Group VA?
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3
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What is the covalent valence of Group VIA?
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2
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What is the covalent valence of Group VIIA?
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1
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Empirical formula
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Doesn't tell anything about the structure, just shows how many elements in structure
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Structural Formula
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Bonding arrangement
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Some empirical formulas have different structural arrangements. What are these called?
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Isomers
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What are the polyatomic ions?
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Sulfate
Nitrate
Phosphate
Bicarbonate
Carbonate
Hydroxide
Ammonium
Cyanate
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Electronegativity
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Where elemental atoms attract towards nucleus to electrons
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What is the most electronegative element?
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Fluorine
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Polar area
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Where electronegative atoms, when covalently bonded, can pull electrons towards them
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Is water a polar solvent?
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Yes
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Water is referred to as what solvent?
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Universal Solvent
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What physical properties are affected by polar attractive forces
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Melting point
Boiling point
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Shape of molecules
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Characteristic of central atom
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Name the 5 shapes
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Tetrahedral
Pyrimidal
Triagonal
Linear
Bent
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Radioactivity
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Elemental atoms that are unstable
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To achieve stability, particles are given off from where?
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Nucleus
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3 types of rays involved in radioactivity?
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Gamma rays
Alpha rays
Beta rays
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Gamma rays
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Pure energy
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Alpha rays
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Particles are similar to nucleus of helium
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Beta rays
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Particles similar to electrons
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Transmutation
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Charge from one form to another (Decay)
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CHMY 121IN: Exam 2