NUTR 3100: CHAPTER 1
27 Cards in this Set
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Nutrients
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chemical compounds in foods to provide fuel for energy (measured in kilocalories), growth, maintenance and to regulate body processes
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Six classes
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carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals, water
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Phytochemicals
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nonnutrient compounds that contribute to health and may play a role in fighting chronic diseases
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Nutrition
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a science that studies how nutrients and compounds in foods nourish and affect body functions and health
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Macronutrients
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energy-yielding nutrients needed in higher amounts Carbohydrates, lipids (fats), and proteins
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Micronutrients
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needed in smaller amounts Vitamins and minerals
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Carbohydrates
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supply glucose, a major energy source
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Fats are another major fuel source and also
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Cushion organs,Insulate body to maintain body temperature
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Proteins can provide energy but better suited for
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Growth and maintenance of muscle, tissues, organs, Making hormones, enzymes, healthy immune system, Transporting other nutrients
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Vitamins and minerals are essential for metabolism
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Many assist enzymes in speeding up chemical reactions in the body, Key roles in body processes and structures
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Vitamins
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are organic compounds
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Minerals
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are inorganic substances
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Water is vital for many processes in your body
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Key role in transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells and removing waste products,Protective cushion for organs
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Average American diet is high in
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Sodium, Saturated fat,Calories
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Average American diet is low in
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Vitamin E,Calcium,Fiber
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obesity is on the rise
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65 percent of American adults and 15 percent of children (ages 6 to 19) are overweight Take in more calories than needed
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Healthy People 2020
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Disease prevention and health promotion objectives for Americans to meet in the second decade of twenty-first century
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Consensus
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the opinion of group of experts based on collection of information
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Observational Research
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involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain health outcomes
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Epidemiological research
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study of populations of people
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Experimental Research
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involves at least two groups of subjects
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Experimental group
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given a specific treatment
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Control group
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given a placebo ("sugar pill")
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Registered Dietitian (RD)
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completed at least a bachelor's degree at an accredited U.S. college or university and a supervised practice, passed a national exam administered by the American Dietetic Association
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Public Health Nutritionist
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has degree in nutrition but may not be an RD (if didn't complete supervised practice, not eligible to take ADA exam)Professionals holding advanced degrees in nutrition
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Licensed dietitian (LD)
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licensed by state licensing agencies
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Nutritional Genomics
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study of how specific food components affect gene expression in your cells and thereby your health
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NUTR 3100: CHAPTER 1