93 Cards in this Set
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crude divorce rate
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the number of divorces per 1,000 people in the population
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refined divorce rate
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a measure of divorce based on the number of divorces that occur every 1,000 married women
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intergenerational transmission of divorce
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a pattern noted by researchers that people whose parents divorce are also more likely to divorce
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25
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couples who get married before what age are more likely to divorce?
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false
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couples who don't have children are less likely to divorce. (true or false?)
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sons
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are couples with sons or couples with daughters less likely to divorce?
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hispanics and asians
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which ethnicities are least likely to divorce?
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african americans
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which race/ethnicity is most likely to divorce?
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up to age 40
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until about what age does the likelihood of divorce increase?
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macro level factors of divorce
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level of socioeconomic development
religion
divorce laws
women's status and employment
attitudes toward divorce
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true
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less developed countries have lower divorce rates (true or false)
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no fault divorce
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a type of divorce now prevalent in all 50 states, in which a divorcing couple can go before a judge without one party having to blame the other
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legal separation
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a binding agreement signed by both spouses that provide details about child support
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stations of divorce
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the interrelated emotional, legal, economic, co-parental, community, and psychic dimensions of divorce which together attempt to capture the complexity of the divorce experience
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emotional divorce
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emotional ramifications of the divorce process such as depression, stress, anxiety, and mortality
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legal divorce
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the termination of marriage contract by a state court order - men more emotional, women have more financial problems
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alimony
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payment by one partner to the other to support the more dependent spouse for a peoriod of time
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legal custody
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a custody agreement where one parent has legal authority to make important decisions concerning the children after the divorce
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child snatching
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the act of a noncustodial parent kidnapping his or her child
more than 200 children per day being kidnapped by noncustodial parent
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sole legal custody
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a child custody arrangement where legal custody is granted solely to the parent with whom the child lives
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joint physical custody
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a custody agreement in which children spend a substantial portion of time in the homes of both parents
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divorce mediation
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a non-adverarial means of resolution, in which the divorcing couple, along with a third party such as a therapist or mediator, negotiate the terms of their financial, custody, and visitation settlement
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child support order
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a legal document delineating the amounts of circumstances surrounding the financial support of noncustodial children
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short term effects of divorce on children
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parental conflict
loss of a parent
reduced standard of living
adjust to transitions
view divorce as their fault
fathers ignore children/mothers don't allow children to see their father
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long term effects of divorce on children
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become pregnant/impregnate others, experience depression, drop out of school
age and sex of the child when the divorce happens
alcohol/drug use
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binuclear family
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a type of family consisting of divorced parents living in two separate households but remaining one family in spirit for the sake of the children
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retirement
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socially constructed phenomenon
shift from agriculture to industrial revolution
development of pension plans and social security
marketing retirement communities
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patterns of retirement
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transition to old age
new beginning
continuation
imposed disruption
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factors that affect well being in retirement
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finances
physical and mental health
voluntary vs. involuntary retirement
social support
self concept
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4-S transition model
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situation
self
support
strategies
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true
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people who remarry after a divorce are happier than those who remain single (true or false)
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17%
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what percent of fathers are custodial parents?
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problems for custodial mothers
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downward mobility
women make less for every dollar males make
mom's and kids who are homeless follow from divorces
the first months/years are the most difficult
newly single mother cut their expenses
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repartnering
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the act of entering into a new relationship after a divorce, which may lead to cohabitation or marriage
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smaller pool of eligables
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why is it harder for older adults to start dating after divorcing?
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rebound effect
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those who marry quickly were not more likely to divorce sooner
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double standard of aging
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the view that women's attractiveness decline with age but men's attractiveness and masculinity do no
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2/3
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how many remarriages end in divorce?
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false
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remarriage among elderly people tends to be less successful (true or false?)
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blended families
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also known as reconstituted families
another term for stepfamilies that may consist of stepparents, step siblings, or half siblings
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siblings
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children who share both biological parents
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stepsiblings
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children not biologically related but whose parents married one another
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half-siblings
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child who shares one biological parent with another child
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mutual child(ren)
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the child or children born to a couple that has remarried
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residential stepchild(ren)
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a child or children living in the household with a remarried couple more than half the time
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nonresidential children
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a child/children living in the household of a divorced parent less than half of the time
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baby boom generation
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people born in the years after world war II through the early 1960s
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81 years
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an american female born in 2009 can expect to live to what age?
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76 years
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an american male born in 2009 can expect to live to what age?
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85+ and
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how old are the "oldest old"? what percent of the population do they make up?
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centenarian
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a person who lives to be at least 100 years old
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widowhood - their husbands die before them
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why are elderly more likely to live alone?
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social security
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a federal government sponsored cash assistance program for seniors (and survivors)
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1935
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what year did unemployment start rising especially for those 65+?
(2/3 of people 65+ were employed in the 1900s now only 17% are employed)
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life stage perspective
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a perspective that claims development proceeds through a fairly set pattern of sequential stages that most people experience
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life span perspective
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a perspective that claims that development is a lifelong process, is multidirectional, and consists of both positive and negative changes involving gains and losses
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life course perspective
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a perspective that sees age-related transitions as socially produced, socially recognized, and shared - a product of social structure, historical forces and culture.
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boomerangers
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children who leave and then return home
typically due to economic reasons
2009, 37% of 18-29 year olds were unemployed
provides emotional, and economic security
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widowhood
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men are less likely to cope without their spouse due to fewer family ties, friendships, and less proficient at domestic tasks
older women less financially stable
2/5 of elderly women fall into poverty
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roles of grandparents
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healthier and better educated, greater economic security
easier communication with grandchildren due to accesible traveling or technology
grandfathers understand the importance of involvement with their grandchildren
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companionate grandparenting
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a type of grnadparenting where the grandparents and grandchildren enjoy recreational activities, occasional overnight stays, and even babysitting with an emphasis on fun and enjoyment.
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remote grandparenting
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a type of grandparenting in which grandparents and grandchildren are emotionally or physically distant
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involved grandparenting
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a type of grandparenting in which the grandparents and grandchildren have frequent interaction or possibly even live together
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gender and retirement
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men plan for it sooner than women
process decreased marital quality for both men and women
men are more satisfied than women
71% of men and 56% of women report to be better off than in the 5 years prior
women more likely to do volunteer work afterwards
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gerantologists
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researchers studying issues affecting the elderly
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activities of daily living (ADLs)
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general day-to-day activities such as cooking, cleaning, bathing, and home repair
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dementia
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the loss of mental functions such as thinking, memory, and reasoning
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alzheimer's disease
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the most common form of dementia; at present, it is incurable
5th leading cause of death
at least 10 million baby boomer's are expected to develop it
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formal care
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care provided by social service agencies on a paid or volunteer basis
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informal care
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unpaid care by someone close to the care recipient
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sandwich generation
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a generation of people who are in the middle of two living generations providing care to members of cohorts of both sides of them, parents, and children
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resilience
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a multi-faceted ability to thrive despite adversity
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individual-level protective factors (micro)
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traits including a positive self-concept, sociability, intelligence and scholastic competence, autonomy, self-esteem, androgyny, good communication, and problem solving skills, humor, and good mental and physical health
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family protective factors (micro)
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family characteristics of dynamics that shape the family's ability to endure in the face of risk factors
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family recovery factors (micro)
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family characteristics or dynamics that assist families in bouncing back from a crisis situation
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community factors (macro level)
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community features that help promote resilience, such as social networks, and religious and faith-based fellowships
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selective programs
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programs for which only a select group of people is eligible
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means-tested programs
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programs for which beneficiaries need to meet some eligibility requirement to qualify
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universal programs
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programs to help strengthen all families without and eligibility requirement
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progressive taxation
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a tax system under which those who earn more pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes than those who earn less
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national health insurance
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a health care system for all citizens that considers health a public right
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maternity/family leave
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a paid guaranteed leave from work to care for children including after the birth of a child
the US does not offer any paid time off, all time offf is unpaid and it is the only developed country that does not offer paid maternity leaves
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flextime
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flexibility in the daily hours of work
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flexplace
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flexibility in the location of work, including working from home
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telecommuting
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flexibility in the location of working from home (?)
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earned income tax credit (EITC)
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a refundable federal tax credit for low income working families that reduces the amount of taxes owed
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temporary assistance for needy families
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the principal cash welfare program in the united states
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early childhood intervention
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attempts to maintain or improve the quality of life for young children
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state children's health insurance program
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insure that children in in working families with incomes too high to qualify for medicaid but too low to afford private family coverage are provided with health insurance
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head start
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preschool program for low income children
federally funded
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half
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less than how many of custodial parents recieve the full amount of their court ordered child support payment?
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1/3
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how many custodial parents receive receive partial or sporadic child support payments?
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cumulative advantage and disadvantage
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early life chances that influence status later in life
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HDFS 302:Test