HDFS 302 1st Edition Lecture 1Outline of Current Lecture I. Defining FamilyII. Facts About FamiliesIII. Same Sex MarriageIV. RaceV. Results of DiversityVI. Facts About Families: Economic InequalityVII. Race/Ethnic StratificationVIII. Decision Makinga. Choosing by Defaultb. Choosing KnowledgeablyIX. Familistic ValuesX. Individualistic ValuesXI. SummaryCurrent LectureDefining Family- Law and social science state that the family consists of people related by blood, marriage, or adoption.- A primary group involves close, face-to-face relationships. Group members share experiences, express emotions, and(ideally) know they are accepted and valued- E.g. Families, friends, and teams.Changing TimesThe postmodern family• Today, only 6% of families fit the 1950’s ideal of the nuclear family.• There are now many different family forms:o Single-parent families, stepfamilies, cohabiting couples, gay and lesbian families, and three-generation families.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Family• Any sexually intimate/expressive or parent-child or other kin relationship in which people related by ancestry, marriage, or adoption:o 1) Form an economic unit and care for any youngo 2) Consider their identity to be significantly attached to the groupo 3) Commit to maintaining that group over time.Facts About Families (General Ideas)1. Fewer people are currently married2. People have been postponing marriage3. Cohabitation has emerged as a new family form4. Some cohabitants are those in gay and lesbian domestic partnershipsa. 1 in 4 homosexual relationships also have a child involved5. More people choose to live alone (over 26% of households)6. Many adult children live with their parents7. 4% of households are multigenerationala. Immigrant families, unwed mothers, and those dealing with housing shortages8. Parenthood is increasingly postponed and fertility has declined9. The nonmarital birth rate has begun to increase again after a period of stability (40% of all births, compared to 4% in 1950)10. Divorce rates have stabilized, but remain relatively high (40-50%)11. Remarriage rates have declined, but remain significant12. The population is agingMore Facts about Families• Increasing race/ethnic diversity of U.S. familieso Hispanic is supposed to grow the most by 2050 compared to 2010Same-Sex Marriages• Same-sex marriage in the United States:o Legal in 19 stateso Legal in 17 countriesRace• Definition: Race is a social construction reflecting how Americans think about different social groups• Race implies a biological group, but this idea has been rejected by scientific studyo No common genetic markers to a groupo Intra-group differences larger than inter-group differences More variability within one racial group• Genetically*Ethnicity• Cultural distinctions often based in language, religion and history.Results of Diversity• Acculturation ***know for the exam**o The personal and societal changes that occur when members of different cultural groupsinteracto Always occurringo Ex. Increase use of Spanisho Ex. A family moving here from Mexico learning to speak English• Biracial and multiracial familiesFacts About Families: Economic Inequality• Overall, household income is rising, and the poverty rate is slowly droppingo 14.5% of the populationo Over 20% of children (1 in 5) living in poverty• But, there is a growing gap between the nation’s wealthiest and poorest, contributing to inequality.Race/Ethnic StratificationGenerally Asian, and Caucasian families have the highest household incomeDecision Making• The diversity of options today means that making choices can be more difficult• People make choices even when they are not aware of it• There are two forms of decision making*** KNOW THESEo Choosing by defaulto Choosing knowledgeably Choosing by defaulta. Choices people make when they are not aware of alternatives or when they pursue the path of least resistanceb. Sometimes, college students choose their courses or even their majors by defaultc. Many decisions concerning marriages and families are made by defaultChoosing Knowledgeably2 components  recognizing as many options as possible recognizing the social pressures that may influence personal choicesFamilistic Values-Placing family wellbeing over individual interests and preferences is termed familism.-Examples of familistic values are togetherness, stability, and loyalty.-They emphasize the needs, goals, and identity of the groupIndividualistic Values-Individualistic (self-fulfillment) values also permeate American society-Examples: personal happiness and goals, the development of a distinct identity.-Individualists give more weight to individual preferences and the maximization of individual talents and optionsMarriages and Families:SummaryI. We live in a changing society, characterized by:-Increased ethnic, economic, and family diversity -Increased tension between familistic and individualistic values-Decreased martial and family parlance-Your personal decision making feeds into society changes