39 Cards in this Set
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affective forecasting
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ability to predict ones emotional reactions to future events
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Appraisal Processes
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The ways we evaluate events and objects in our environment according to their relation to our current goals
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Autonomic nervous system
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The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates glands, internal organs, and blood vessels, pupil dilation, and digestion *
Sympathetic(Fight or Flight)
/Parasympathetic(Regular)
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broaden-and-build hypothesis
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The hypothesis that positive emotions broaden thought and action repertoires, helping people build social resources. (page 222)
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core-relational themes
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distinct themes, such as anger or offense or fairness, that define the core of each emotion
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directed facial action task
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a task in which moving emotion-specific facial muscles triggers different autonomic responses
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display rules
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cultural rules that govern how and when emotions are exhibited
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duration neglect
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The relative unimportance of the length of an emotional experience, be it pleasurable or unpleasant, in judgments of the overall experience. (page 223)
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emotion accents
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highly stylized, culturally specific ways that individuals express particular emotions (tongue bite = embarrassment in India)
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Emotions
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relatively intense feelings characterized by physiological arousal and complex cognitions
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Feelings-as-information perspective
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A theory that since many judgements are too complex for us to throughly review all the relevant evidence, we rely on our emotions to provide us with rapid, reliable information about events and conditions within our social environment. Telephoned people on a sunny or cloudy day to see how…
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focal emotions
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those that are especially common within a particular culture
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focalism
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focus too much on central aspect of event, and underestimate future events
ex. happy wedding day doesnt guarantee good marriage
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free-response critique
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a critique of Ekman and Freisen's emotion studies based on the fact that researchers provided the terms with which participants to label facial expressions rather than allowing the participants to label the expressions with their own words
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Hypercognize
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the number of words a culture uses to represent different emotions
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immune neglect
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the tendency to underestimate our capacity to be resilient in responding to difficult life events, which leads us to overestimate the extent to which life's difficulties will reduce our well-being
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Infrahumanization
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The tendency to attribute animal-like qualities to outgroup members and be reluctant to attribute more complex emotions, such as pride or compassion, to outgroup members. This denies the outgroup full human standing.
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Misattribution of Arousal
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Different emotions produce similar feelings of arousal, which leads to mistaken inferences about these emotions and the source of arousal
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principle of serviceable habits
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Darwin's thesis that emotional expressions are remnants of full-blown behaviors that helped our primate and mammalian predecessors meet important goals in the past
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primary appraisal stage
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An initial, automatic positive or negative evaluation of ongoing events based on whether they are congruent or incongruent with an individual’s goals. (page 198)
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processing style perspective
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a theory that different emotions lead people to reason in different ways (positive moods facilitate preexisting heuristics and stereotypes whereas negative moods facilitate more careful attention to situational details)
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secondary appraisal stage
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a subsequent evaluation in which we determine why we feel the way we do about an event, possible ways of responding to the event future consequences of dif courses of action.
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two-factor theory of emotion
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· the idea that emotional experience is the resultof a two-step self-perception process in which people first experiencephysiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
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autokinetic illusion
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the apparent movement of a stationary pinpoint of light displayed in a darkened room
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compliance
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acting in accordance with the direct requests of other people
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Conformity
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Changing our attitudes and behaviors to match perceived standards
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Door-in-the-face technique
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Asking someone for a
very large favor that he or she will
certainly refuse and then following
that request with one for a smaller
favor (which tends to be seen as a
concession that the target will feel
compelled to honor).
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Foot in the Door Technique
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person begins with a very small request; secures agreement; then makes a separate larger request. effective because self-perception theory, desire to be consistent
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Ideomotor Action
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principle that thinking about an action increases the likelihood of doing that action.
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Informational Social Influence
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- Using others as a source of information about what is correct, proper, and effective
- Based on our desire to be right
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internalization
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our private acceptance of the position advance by the majority
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negative state relief hypothesis
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The idea that people engage in certain actions, such as agreeing to a request, to relieve their negative feelings and feel better about themselves.
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normative social influence
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-the influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them
-the need to be accepted
-public compliance, without private acceptance
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reciprocity norm
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the expectation that if you help someone, they will/should help you in return
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obedience
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in an unequal power relationship, submitting to the demands of the more powerful person
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Public Compliance
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Conforming publicly but not believing what public thinks to avoid embarrassment.
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Reactance
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Negative reaction to threats to one's personal freedom (freedom of action)
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social influence
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real or implied presence of others can directly or indirectly influence the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of an individual
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thats-not-all technique
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a two step compliance technique in which the influencer makes larger request, then immediately offers a discount or bonus before the initial request is refused
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Study Guide: Exam 1