Grade Buddy Social Psychol-ogy 1nd Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture - HelpingOutline of Current Lecture- Costs of HelpingCurrent LectureCost of helping• Time • Money• Physical danger• Shame• OverreactingOnly help if benefits out way costsWhen helping in a situation that might kill you- one might act in order to be rememberedforeverProspect of altruismAnother’s suffering  Benefits of helping/cost of helpingif benefits exceed you will help• Altruism- when empathy for another suffering drives you to helpThe Carol Marcy Study/ can you spare your notes study (1984)• University of Kansas• Intro psych students• Student told they were going to listen to a radio interview that hasn’t aired yet and you (student) make an evaluation of it• Also told students they were the only one who would listen• Interviewed girl-carol Marcyo She had a car accident where she was put in a wheel chair and had to miss a ton of schoolo After interview she was saying she had a hard time in her introductory psych class• Student gets an envelopeto the person who hears the interview• If student wants to help they should let the experimenter know • One group (first condition) was told that she would be attending class while anothergroup( second condition) was told she would not. • Percentage that helped in the group that were told she would be attending class was 70% that said they would help• In the second condition every thing was the same except things are so bad that she would not make it back to classo Only 30% were likely to help• There was guilt associated with seeing Marcy and not helping. But if you do not see her there is no guilt.• If we empathized wee should be more likely to help• Two other conditions were ask to put yourself in their shoeso Data stayed at 80% they helped without doing though cost benefit analysiswill returnwont returnwil return in their shoeswill not return in their shoes0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9Percent who would help• Suggest our default is not really to care much about others and to not empathize with othersMoral Circle- we all have a group of people we care about where we put ourselves in the middleHow might empathizing with carol marcy change cost benefit analysis?• Her pain becomes my painAGGRESSION:• Behavior intended to harm another who does not wish to be harmedo Instrumental or emotionalo Physical or psychological• Is aggression innate? Nature vs. nurture?Philosophers debate• Rousseau (1762) that other people are frustrating our desireso By nature we are peaceful• Hobbes- life is short and brutisho Authority- in the absence of authority we would all be aggressive• Freud’s instinct theory:o Eros- the life instincto Thanatos- death instincto Conflict between the