ANSC 280: Beef Cattle Nutrition
47 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
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4 types of grasses
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TN forage base
cool season grass
warm season grass
annuals
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2 feeds:
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grain
by-products
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what is forage quality?
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the factors in forage that promote animal performance
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Palatability
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The relative degree of attractiveness of plants to animals as forage.
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factors that influence forage quality:
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species
maturity
harvest method
storage method
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TDN:
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Total digestible nutrients
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protein
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crude protein
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fescue growth peaks in:
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apil
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bermuda growth peaks in:
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july-august
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what grass has the most crude protein?
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tall fescue
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predominant forage
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tall fescue
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Perennial
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occurring multiple years
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qualities of tall fescue:
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-cool season
-bunch grass
-perennial
-high in nutrient value
-persistent
-easily established
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tall fescue toxicosis is caused by:
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endophytes
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tall fescue toxicosis reduces:
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-ADG
-dry matter intake
-reproduction
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what are 6 ways to manage tall fescue toxicosis?
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-add clover
-dilute with feed
-add other grasses
-novel endophytes
-drugs
-minerals
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2 ways to manage for forage quality
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-keep it vegetative
-use multiple species (legumes and grasses)
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4 basic steps to improve pastures:
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-fertilize by soil test
-control weeds
-use clovers
-stockpile tall fescue in the fall
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as forage matures, ___ decreases.
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quality
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as forage matures, there is ____ protein and energy and ____ fiber.
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lower; more
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as forage matures, quality decreases but:
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yield increases
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some species of forage:
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legumes
warm season grasses
annuals
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benefits of legumes:
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-improved quality
-decreased need for nitrogen
-possibly lengthen grazing season
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goal of adding a new forage to your program:
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produce forage at near constant rate all year
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warm season wild grasses:
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-johnsongrass
-crabgrass
-dallisgrass
-common bermuda
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in the warm season, you should take advantage of:
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wild grasses
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advantages of warm-season forage
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cheap and leaves fescue
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step 1 of warm-season forage production:
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take advantage of wild grasses
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step 2 of warm season forage production:
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selecting the proper species
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what are some annual warm-season forage species?
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sudex
-pearl millet
-crabgrass
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what are some perennial warm-season forage species?
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bermudagrass and native grasses
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annuals are:
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not long term, expensive, establishment risk
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perennials are:
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a longer commitment but arent as expensive
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step 3 of warm-season forage production:
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selecting the proper site for planting
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moisture in soil is key to ______, choose ____ or _____.
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yield; deep soils and bottoms
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step 4 of warm-season forage production:
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manage correctly
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correct management of warm-season forage
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-soil fertility
-harvest timimg
-potential toxicities
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2 toxicity types in summer grasses:
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nitrates and prussic acid
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nitrates: (4)
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-drought
-N fertilization
-grazing/hay
-stable in hay
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prussic acid (4)
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-sorghums
-frost/stress
-grazing
-not usually in hay
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why do we sample forages?
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to know what you are feeding
does it meet requrements
is there an abundance of nutrients
is there a need for supplementation
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when do you sample your forage?
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early, during planning stages
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what do you need to sample?
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stored forage
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examples of stored forage
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hay, balage, feed, silage
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how to forage sample:
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take the core from multiple bales
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you need different samples for;
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-each species
-each cutting date
-each fertilizaion change
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what to look for after sampling forage:
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-crude protein
-TDN (energy)
-Ca and P
-nitrates
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ANSC 280: Beef Cattle Nutrition