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ANSC 280: Beef Cattle Nutrition
4 types of grasses
|
TN forage base
cool season grass
warm season grass
annuals |
2 feeds:
|
grain
by-products |
what is forage quality?
|
the factors in forage that promote animal performance
|
Palatability
|
The relative degree of attractiveness of plants to animals as forage.
|
factors that influence forage quality:
|
species
maturity
harvest method
storage method |
TDN:
|
Total digestible nutrients
|
protein |
crude protein
|
fescue growth peaks in:
|
apil |
bermuda growth peaks in:
|
july-august
|
what grass has the most crude protein?
|
tall fescue
|
predominant forage
|
tall fescue
|
Perennial |
occurring multiple years
|
qualities of tall fescue:
|
-cool season
-bunch grass
-perennial
-high in nutrient value
-persistent
-easily established |
tall fescue toxicosis is caused by:
|
endophytes |
tall fescue toxicosis reduces:
|
-ADG
-dry matter intake
-reproduction |
what are 6 ways to manage tall fescue toxicosis?
|
-add clover
-dilute with feed
-add other grasses
-novel endophytes
-drugs
-minerals |
2 ways to manage for forage quality
|
-keep it vegetative
-use multiple species (legumes and grasses) |
4 basic steps to improve pastures:
|
-fertilize by soil test
-control weeds
-use clovers
-stockpile tall fescue in the fall |
as forage matures, ___ decreases.
|
quality |
as forage matures, there is ____ protein and energy and ____ fiber.
|
lower; more |
as forage matures, quality decreases but:
|
yield increases
|
some species of forage:
|
legumes
warm season grasses
annuals |
benefits of legumes:
|
-improved quality
-decreased need for nitrogen
-possibly lengthen grazing season |
goal of adding a new forage to your program:
|
produce forage at near constant rate all year
|
warm season wild grasses:
|
-johnsongrass
-crabgrass
-dallisgrass
-common bermuda |
in the warm season, you should take advantage of:
|
wild grasses
|
advantages of warm-season forage
|
cheap and leaves fescue
|
step 1 of warm-season forage production:
|
take advantage of wild grasses
|
step 2 of warm season forage production:
|
selecting the proper species
|
what are some annual warm-season forage species?
|
sudex
-pearl millet
-crabgrass |
what are some perennial warm-season forage species?
|
bermudagrass and native grasses
|
annuals are:
|
not long term, expensive, establishment risk
|
perennials are:
|
a longer commitment but arent as expensive
|
step 3 of warm-season forage production:
|
selecting the proper site for planting
|
moisture in soil is key to ______, choose ____ or _____.
|
yield; deep soils and bottoms
|
step 4 of warm-season forage production:
|
manage correctly
|
correct management of warm-season forage
|
-soil fertility
-harvest timimg
-potential toxicities |
2 toxicity types in summer grasses:
|
nitrates and prussic acid
|
nitrates: (4)
|
-drought
-N fertilization
-grazing/hay
-stable in hay |
prussic acid (4)
|
-sorghums
-frost/stress
-grazing
-not usually in hay |
why do we sample forages?
|
to know what you are feeding
does it meet requrements
is there an abundance of nutrients
is there a need for supplementation |
when do you sample your forage?
|
early, during planning stages
|
what do you need to sample?
|
stored forage
|
examples of stored forage
|
hay, balage, feed, silage
|
how to forage sample:
|
take the core from multiple bales
|
you need different samples for;
|
-each species
-each cutting date
-each fertilizaion change |
what to look for after sampling forage:
|
-crude protein
-TDN (energy)
-Ca and P
-nitrates |