BIOL 2107K: QUIZ 3 DECK
106 Cards in this Set
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In order for bilayers to form spontaneously, the pH of the solution should be:
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approximately neutral.
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Which of the following describes what you would expect to observe in cells treated with the inhibitor of transport vesicle movement?
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an accumulation of insulin in the Golgi
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According to the textbook, prokaryotes absorb their nutrients from the environment; however, prokaryotes also have cell walls. What can you conclude from these statements?
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Cell walls are permeable, allowing nutrients to pass through.
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The most abundant organic molecule in nature is:
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cellulose
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The interior region of a phospholipid bilayer can be characterized as being:
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The interior region of a phospholipid bilayer can be characterized as being:
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Disorders of which organelle are often associated with defects in transport from compartment to compartment, resulting in poor sorting of protein components within the cell?
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Golgi apparatus
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Which of the following molecules would most likely require a transport protein to cross the plasma membrane of a red blood cell?
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C6H12O6
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The electrical component of an electrochemical gradient is due to:
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a greater concentration of positive charges on the side of the membrane with the highest concentration of protons.
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The movement of water into or out of a cell is an example of:
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osmosis
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What is glycosylation?
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the addition of sugars to lipids or proteins
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Where are the light-capturing pigments located in a chloroplast?
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thylakoid membrane
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A nuclear pore is most similar to a:
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channel protein.
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Some diseases can result from defective transport across the membrane. For example, cystic fibrosis results from a chloride ion transporter that does not function. Which of the following would be affected when this transporter does not function?
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a) the chloride concentration gradient
b) the electrical gradient of the cell
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The term homeostasis refers to the ability of:
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the cell to control and maintain its internal environment.
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True or False: amino acids with hydrophobic side chains are most often found buried in the interior of folded proteins.
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True
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Phospholipase is an enzyme that cleaves the phosphate head group off a phospholipid molecule. The plasma membrane is not, however, permeable to the enzyme. Imagine a cell where phospholipid A is present in the monolayer facing the exterior of the cell, and phospholipid B is present in the…
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the phosphate head group from phospholipid A only
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How is a micelle different from a liposome?
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a) It is composed of a single layer of phospholipids.
b) Micelle phospholipids have bulky head groups.
c) Micelle phospholipids have a single fatty acid tail.
d) All of the answer options are correct.
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A lysosomal enzyme works best at a pH of:
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5
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The random movement of molecules is referred to as:
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diffusion
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Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system of a eukaryotic cell?
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a) nuclear envelope
b) Golgi apparatus
c) vesicles
d) All of the answer options are correct.
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The sodium/potassium pump is an example of:
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an antiporter.
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Which one of the following properly groups a junctional complex with a cytoskeletal structure and cell adhesion molecule?
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adherens junction, microfilament, cadherin
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Lamellipodia are formed by:
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the polymerization of actin microfilaments.
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Structures known as microvilli are associated with:
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increased surface area for nutrient absorption.
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The myosin found in muscle has a long tail as can be seen in the following figure. (See Figure 10.10) What is the most likely outcome if this tail were missing?
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The muscle would not contract.
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Cellular crawling motion is accomplished by:
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the polymerization of microfilaments along the leading edge in response to an activated cell surface receptor.
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Some cytoskeletal elements are more permanent than others. Which components of the cytoskeleton are dynamic structures?
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both microtubules and microfilaments
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Which one of the following statements about intracellular transport is true?
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Microtubules and microfilaments facilitate cellular movement, but intermediate filaments do not.
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Dynein motor proteins use ATP energy to:
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carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction.
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The three untreated cultures of cells were included in the experiment:
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as a control group.
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The molecule lignin is associated with which property of a cell wall?
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water resistance
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Which one of the following pairs includes junctional complexes that perform similar functions?
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desmosomes and adherens junctions
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Which one of the following correctly lists the major types of tissues found in plants?
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dermal, ground, vascular
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Dynamic instability of microtubules:
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allows microtubules to perform their functions.
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The extracellular matrix is composed of: (1) proteins; (2) polysaccahrides; (3) nucleic acids.
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Statement (1) and (2) are correct.
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Which one of the following pairs includes junctional complexes that perform similar functions?
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plasmodesmata and gap junctions
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Dynamic instability is the rapid growth and shrinkage of:
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microtubules
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How does an adherens junction differ from a desmosome?
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While both adherens junctions and desmosomes connect cells by using cadherin proteins, adherens junctions connect to microfilaments while desmosomes connect to intermediate filaments inside the cell.
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Flagella move:
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in a whiplike motion by the motor protein dynein sliding microtubules past each other.
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Kinesin is a motor protein found attached to:
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microtubules.
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Predict what would happen if an embryonic epidermal cell switched from expressing E-cadherin to N-cadherin.
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The cell would leave the epidermis and join the neural cells.
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A phospholipid molecule in a membrane can:
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both spin (rotate around its vertical axis) and move side-to-side (lateral movement).
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The movement of water into or out of a cell is an example of:
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osmosis.
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Of all the structures of a eukaryotic cell, which play(s) a role in protein trafficking and sorting?
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the Golgi apparatus
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Where are ribosomes found inside a cell?
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both in the cytosol and the rough endoplasmic reticulum
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Mitochondria and chloroplasts both have inner and outer membranes.
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True
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An amphipathic molecule is one that:
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contains both polar and nonpolar regions.
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Which of the following molecules would not easily diffuse across a plasma membrane?
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large polar molecules
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Which eukaryotic organelle is associated with the breakdown of macromolecules?
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lysosome
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Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system of a eukaryotic cell?
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vesicles
nuclear envelope
golgi apparatus
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Mitochondria use _______ and ______ to generate ATP for use by the cell.
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pyruvate derived from sugar; oxygen
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How is the energy stored in a molecule of ATP used by the sodium-potassium pump protein?
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It is used to alter the conformation of the pump protein.
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If a cell lacked a cytoskeleton, which of the following would likely be a result?
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The shape of the cell would be impacted and protein movement in the cell would be affected.
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Movement of cellular material from the endoplasmic reticulum to the outside of the cell is an example of:
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exocytosis
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Based on what you know regarding mitochondria, which of the following most likely depicts the chemical reaction for cellular respiration?
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C6H12O6 (sugar) + 6O2 (oxygen) → 6CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6H2O (water)
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It is composed of a single layer of phospholipids.
Micelle phospholipids have bulky head groups.
Micelle phospholipids have a single fatty acid tail.
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...
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A cell's plasma membrane contributes to homeostasis by:
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acting as a selective barrier.
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As you will learn in Chapter 26, bacteria are rarely larger than 1–2 μm in size, and are typically shaped as rods, spheres, or spirals. What likely accounts for the shape and size of these prokaryotes?
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Such shapes maximize the surface area over which nutrients can diffuse into bacteria.
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What is glycosylation?
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the addition of sugars to lipids or proteins
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Predict how phospholipids would arrange themselves if they were placed into a nonpolar solution.
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The phospholipid tails would orient toward the solution.
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The term homeostasis refers to the ability of:
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the cell to control and maintain its internal environment.
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According to the textbook, prokaryotes absorb their nutrients from the environment; however, prokaryotes also have cell walls. What can you conclude from these statements?
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Cell walls are permeable, allowing nutrients to pass through.
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Which of the following lipid compositions would yield the greatest membrane fluidity?
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Phospholipids with short-chain, unsaturated fatty acids, plus cholesterol at low temperature
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Which of the following cellular processes would tend to reduce entropy?
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both transcription in the nucleus and translation in the endoplasmic reticulum
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If cells had monolayer membranes reminiscent of micelles, how would the structures of transmembrane proteins be affected?
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Transmembrane proteins would possess a hydrophobic region in the cell interior and a hydrophilic region in the extracellular space.
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Imagine that you have two blades of grass. One is from a normal plant, and the other is from a mutant plant that cannot produce vacuoles. How will the structures of these two blades of grass compare?
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The grass blade from the mutant plant will appear limp compared to that from the normal plant.
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The process of diffusion requires:
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the random movement of molecules.
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What is secondary active transport?
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the use of the electrochemical gradient of one molecule to move a second molecule
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A researcher is very surprised to find a prokaryotic cell that is greater than 100 μm in diameter. How could this be possible?
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There may be a large vacuole in the cell, which allows nutrients to still reach all areas of the cytoplasm in the cell.
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A researcher is using a modified version of FRAP. He has labeled all peripheral membrane proteins with a fluorescent tag, and has bleached a specific area of the cell membrane. After 24 hours, he notices that fluorescence has returned to the bleached area. What can he deduce from this exp…
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Peripheral membrane proteins may not be permanently associated with the cell membrane.
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The random movement of molecules is referred to as:
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diffusion
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A cell's plasma membrane contributes to homeostasis by:
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acting as a selective barrier.
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Prokaryotes contain nucleoids, which are similar to nuclei in that they contain rudimentary chromosomes referred to as plasmids.
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False
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How do eukaryotic plant and animal cells differ from one another?
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Animal cells do not have chloroplasts and cell walls, and plant cells do.
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How is a carrier protein different from a channel protein?
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Carriers undergo a conformation change.
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All cells have:
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genetic information
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All of the following are properties of prokaryotic cells except:
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internal membrane compartments
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A bacterial cell, a plant cell, and an animal cell would have which of the following structures in common?
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cytoplasm
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Which of the following statements is true regarding cytosol?
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Cytosol is the "jelly" substance within cells and it excludes organelles.
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Which is the correct order of complexity from lower to higher for the following?
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cells, tissues, organs
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Which is the correct order of cytoskeletal filaments in decreasing filament diameter?
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microtubules → intermediate filaments → microfilaments
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Myosin is a motor protein found attached to:
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microfilaments.
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A cellular junction is:
(1) the space between two cells; (2) the point of contact between two cells; (3) the point of contact between a cell and the extracellular matrix
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All of the above
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The extracellular matrix of an animal cell is composed of:
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collagen
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An epithelial tissue can best be defined as:
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a collection of layered cells.
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Which of the following is not a cellular function of microfilaments?
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flagellar movement
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Kinesin is a motor protein found attached to:
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microtubules
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Integrins are proteins that form connections between the:
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cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix.
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The extracellular matrix of a plant cell is composed of:
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cellulose
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The area between where the epidermis and the dermis meet is characterized by a highly folded area so that the epidermis "fits" into the dermis. What do you think is the purpose of this highly folded area (called dermal papillae)?
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The epidermis is the outer layer and is under constant physical stress. This highly folded area between the epidermis and the dermis gives the epidermis additional support and protection against abrasive stress.
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Which of the cytoskeletal filaments is associated with providing the cell with mechanical strength?
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intermediate filaments
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The actin cytoskeleton is associated with which type of cell movement?
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The actin cytoskeleton is associated with which type of cell movement?
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Cadherins bind to which type of cytoskeletal filament(s)?
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both intermediate filaments and microfilaments
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Which layer of the extracellular matrix of a plant provides the greatest strength?
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the secondary cell wall
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Your skin is made up of _________ tissue cells that are most similar to the _______ tissue cells in a plant.
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epithelial, dermal
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Match the cytoskeletal filament with its protein subunit. Responses may be used multiple times or not at all.
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intermediate filament____keratin
microfilament____actin
microtubule____tubulin
intermediate filament____lamin
intermediate filament____vimentin
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Which motor protein(s) would you find in a flagellum?
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dynein
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Where would you find a cell adhesion molecule?
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at the cellular junction
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The extracellular matrix is an important part of which type of tissue?
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connective
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The epidermis contains several layers and receives its nutrients from the dermis via diffusion. Which of the following explains why the outermost layers of the epidermis consist of dead cells?
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One of the major functions of the epidermis is forming a waterproof barrier. Once that barrier is formed, nutrients cannot pass through it and the cells beyond that layer die.
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The centrosome is associated with which class(es) of cytoskeletal filaments?
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microtubules
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Dynein is a motor protein found attached to:
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microtubules
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Match the cytoskeletal filament that is most closely associated with each of the following structures. Responses may be used multiple times or not at all
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intermediate filament____desmosomes
microfilament____adherens junction
microtubule____cilia and flagella
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How do cells "interact" with the extracellular matrix?
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through integrins
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Many scientists use specific mouse cells to coat petri dishes. These cells form a layer on which other cells―often of different species―can adhere and grow. Cells used to coat petri dishes are likely:
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fibroblasts
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Dynamic instability is the rapid growth and shrinkage of:
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microtubules
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BIOL 2107K: QUIZ 2