BIOL 112 1nd Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. Limitations of biological definition of speciesII. Other species conceptsIII. Speciation modelsOutline of Current Lecture IV. What is phylogeny?V. SystematicsVI. Molecular data new phylogenetic treesCurrent Lecture- What is phylogeny?o A hypothesis about the evolutionary between a group of organismso The analytical approach used to determine phylogenetic relationships (systematics)o A phylogenetic tree=graphical representation of the hypothesiso Relationship is down based on shared characteristicso Phylogeny uses the same approach as taxonomy-comparison of similar characteristics - Systematicso What characteristics can we compare: Traditional (pre-genome era: 1990)- Morphology- Comparative embryology- Biochemistry (ex. Isoenzyme properties; mobility isoelectric points) Molecular era (post 1990)- Big technological advances made it possible to o Sequence entire genomeso Identify open reading flaws in sequence using special (computer) algorithms that 1 D start codon (ATG), introns/exons, stop codon- Computer programs that can predict the way a protein folds function- Computer programs that can pull out the homologous genes for a group of organisms - Can build trees by comparing the degree of sequence similarity between homologs - Molecular data new phylogenetic treesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Ex. Animals and fungi more closely related to each other than fungi to plantso But more significantly—we can draw organisms with no morphological similarities (ex. Humans and
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