BIOL 112 Lab Exam 2 review 1 The exam is for 60mins paper test 2 Calculators are allowed 3 No scratch paper allowed Works can be shown in the answer sheet Resources for exam preparation 1 Lab PowerPoint assignment guides posted to the lab folder 2 Post lab assignments 3 Pre lab quizzes 4 This review document Spelling mistakes reduce the point If the question is split into 2 parts be sure to answer all of them Lab 6 Fungi Porifera and Cnidaria Fungi Key Concepts Decomposers saprophytes Structures to know Hyphae septate Aseptate mycelium Know the 5 Major Phylum Chytridiomycota Water Molds produces zoospores Thick walled sporangium produces haploid zoospores motile spores Thin walled sporangium produces diploid zoospores Zygomycota Bread Molds has zygospores from zygosporangium Glomeromycota Aseptate hyphae no walls between cells Mutualistic with their host plants No sexual or asexual reproduction Ascomycota sac fungi Asci spores for sexual and Conidiophores conidia at the tips for asexual and Septate hyphae Basidiomycota No asexual reproduction aseptate hyphae and has basidiospores for sexual reproduction Questions 1 Are fungi more closely related to plants or animals Animals because they share synapomorphies such as chitin in their cell walls and store glycogen as energy like animals 2 What is the difference between plasmogamy and karyogamy Plasmogamy is the fusion of the cytoplasm of two fungal cells Karyogamy is the fusion of their nuclei 3 What is Delayed karyogamy gamete cells can fuse without their nuclei fusing immediately 4 Which fungi lack sexual structures Imperfect fungi many are Ascomycota 5 Which fungi lack asexual stages Basidiomycota often don t have asexual spores 6 What synapomorphies are shared between fungi and animals Chitin glycogen storage posterior flagella in ancestral cells 7 What fungal structure produces zoospores What phylum is it found in Zoospores are produced in Chytridiomycota 8 What is a zygosporangium Which phylum has it It s a thick walled sexual reproductive structure that forms during sexual reproduction in Zygomycota 9 Do conidiophores produce sexual or asexual spores Asexual spores conidia in Ascomycota 10 What kind of symbiosis is a lichen A mutualistic relationship between a fungus usually Ascomycota and an alga or cyanobacterium 11 Why can t lichens be placed on a cladogram easily They are not a single species they re a composite of multiple organisms 12 What are the three major lichen growth forms Crustose foliose fruticose Kingdom animalia concepts Know symmetry if given an organism picture know to identify the symmetry of the organism Phylum Porifera 1 To what taxon do these organisms belong Domain Eukarya Supergroup Unikonta Kingdom Animalia Phylum Porifera 2 Do sponges have tissues 3 How do sponges feed No sponges are the only multicellular animals that lack true tissues cellular level of organization They filter feed by drawing water through their pores ostia trapping particles with choanocytes 4 What gives structural support in sponges Spicules made of silica or calcium carbonate and or spongin 5 What are the two sponge subphyla Calcarea calcium carbonate spicules and Demospongiae spongin or silica 6 Sponge Structures Osculum large opening where water exits Ostia small pores for water intake Mesohyl gelatinous layer with cells Porocytes form pores Choanocytes capture food Amoebocytes transport differentiate Phylum Cnidaria 1 How many tissue layers do cnidarians have Two diploblastic ectoderm and endoderm with mesoglea in between 2 What kind of symmetry do cnidarians have Radial symmetry 3 What are the two body forms in cnidarians Polyp sessile and medusa free swimming 4 What is a gastrovascular cavity A single opening for digestion and nutrient distribution 5 What makes Cnidarians unique They have cnidocytes stinging cells used for defense and capturing prey 6 What is the level of organization in cnidarians Tissue level organization Identify structures 7 Mesoglea jelly like noncellular middle layer Cnidocyte stinging cell Incomplete gut one opening Nerve net decentralized nerve system Polyp sessile form Medusa mobile form 8 Identify the organisms Hydra budding asexual Lab 7 Kingdom Animali Protostomes Lophotrochozoans and Ecdysozoa 1 What are the three types of body symmetry Asymmetry e g sponges radial symmetry e g cnidarians and bilateral symmetry e g most other animals 2 What is the difference between diploblastic and triploblastic embryos Diploblastic 2 germ layers ectoderm and endoderm found in cnidarians Triploblastic 3 germ layers ectoderm mesoderm endoderm found in bilaterians Mesoderm gives rise to muscles bones and internal organs 3 Which phylum does not have true tissues Phylum Porifera sponges What is a coelom A fluid filled body cavity lined with mesoderm What are the 3 types of body cavities in triploblastic animals Acoelomate no body cavity e g flatworms Pseudocoelomate cavity not fully lined with mesoderm e g nematodes Coelomate true body cavity fully lined with mesoderm e g annelids mollusks arthropods What s the difference between protostomes and deuterostomes 4 5 6 Protostomes spiral cleavage determinate development mouth develops from blastopore Deuterostomes radial cleavage indeterminate development anus develops from blastopore Both are triploblastic PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES Organ system level Three triploblastic Bilateral symmetry Do flatworms have a coelom No they are acoelomates Key structures and functions Eye spots light detection Auricles chemosensory structures Pharynx muscular tube for feeding Incomplete gut one opening Flatworms Planarians free predators have eyespots called ocelli Flukes Internal parasites Two suckers oral and ventral vertebrate hosts mostly Tapeworms No head intestinal parasites vertebrate hosts only uses Scolex to attach to the host intestine PHYLUM NEMATODA Roundworms Ascaris vinegar eels 7 What type of symmetry do nematodes exhibit 8 9 Bilateral symmetry Do nematodes have a body cavity Yes a pseudocoelom How can you tell male and female nematodes apart Males are smaller and have a hooked tail females are larger with a straight tail 10 What are unique features of nematodes Cuticle longitudinal muscles only complete digestive tract ecdysis molting pseudocoelom PHYLUM ARTHROPODA What domain supergroup kingdom and phylum do arthropods belong to What are the main characteristics of phylum arthropods Domain Eukarya Supergroup Unikonta Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Exoskeleton made
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