Search Logic Viewing Results Labs 3-4Boolean LogicBoolean Logic & Database SearchingBoolean OperatorsBoolean Operator ORVenn Diagram ANDVenn Diagram ORVenn Diagram NOTBeyond Boolean TruncationBeyond Boolean NestingBoolean StrengthsViewing Search ResultsType CommandDisplay CommandNestingSlide 16Boolean & Other Features in Google: Class ActivityProximity Searching OverviewProximity in DialogGuided SearchingSearch LogicSearch LogicViewing ResultsViewing ResultsLabs 3-4Labs 3-4Dr. Dania BilalDr. Dania BilalIS 530IS 530Fall 2007Fall 2007Boolean LogicBoolean LogicSearch logic is based on Boolean logicSearch logic is based on Boolean logicBoolean logicBoolean logic is a system for logical operations is a system for logical operationsBased on George Boole, An English mathematicianBased on George Boole, An English mathematicianBoole was the first to define an algebraic system of Boole was the first to define an algebraic system of logic in mid 19logic in mid 19thth century. century.Boolean logic has many applications in Boolean logic has many applications in electronics, computer hardware and software, electronics, computer hardware and software, and database searching. and database searching.Boolean Logic & Database Boolean Logic & Database SearchingSearchingBoolean logic is used to organize Boolean logic is used to organize concepts together in sets. concepts together in sets. When searching any IR system (e.g., When searching any IR system (e.g., online catalog, database, search engine) online catalog, database, search engine) using keywords and/or a combination of using keywords and/or a combination of keywords and query processing is based keywords and query processing is based in part on Boolean operators. in part on Boolean operators.Boolean OperatorsBoolean OperatorsAND = for narrowing search resultsAND = for narrowing search resultsEx: strawberry and vanilla and chocolate Ex: strawberry and vanilla and chocolate OR = for expanding search resultsOR = for expanding search resultsExEx: : strawberry or vanilla or chocolatestrawberry or vanilla or chocolateNOT= for narrowing search results by NOT= for narrowing search results by eliminating unwanted concepts from search eliminating unwanted concepts from search resultsresultsEx:Ex: strawberry or vanilla not chocolatestrawberry or vanilla not chocolate(strawberry or vanilla) not (chocolate)(strawberry or vanilla) not (chocolate)Boolean Operator ORBoolean Operator ORUsed to build up conceptsUsed to build up conceptsHelpful for:Helpful for:Synonyms or equivalent termsSynonyms or equivalent termsEx: Ex: occupations or jobsoccupations or jobsSpelling variationsSpelling variationsEx: Ex: harbor or harbourharbor or harbourRelated termsRelated termsEx: Ex: brain injury or head injurybrain injury or head injuryVenn Diagram Venn Diagram AND AND Strawberry Strawberry andand vanilla vanilla andand chocolate chocolateVenn DiagramVenn DiagramORORStrawberry Strawberry or or vanilla vanilla oror chocolate chocolateVenn DiagramVenn DiagramNOTNOT(strawberry (strawberry oror vanilla) vanilla) notnot chocolate chocolateBeyond BooleanBeyond BooleanTruncationTruncationTruncation is used Truncation is used to expand search results by stemming a word to expand search results by stemming a word or concept at its rootor concept at its rootto obtain results with the variant forms of to obtain results with the variant forms of names and/or wordsnames and/or wordsobtain variant spellingsobtain variant spellings?? is the symbol used in Dialog is the symbol used in Dialog See See Pocket GuidePocket Guide, p., p. 6, for use of multiple 6, for use of multiple truncationstruncationsBeyond BooleanBeyond BooleanNestingNestingNesting is a technique used to group Nesting is a technique used to group similar terms or terms that have similar terms or terms that have relationships together to increase search relationships together to increase search results while forcing the retrieval software results while forcing the retrieval software to change its order of processing of the to change its order of processing of the Boolean operators based on their Boolean operators based on their strengths. strengths.Boolean StrengthsBoolean StrengthsBoolean operators are executed based on Boolean operators are executed based on their strengths, from highest to lowest:their strengths, from highest to lowest:NOT NOT ANDANDORORViewing Search ResultsViewing Search ResultsTypeType ( (tt) command is used to view search ) command is used to view search resultsresultsResults can be viewed based on Results can be viewed based on Nine Dialog system-defined formats, and/orNine Dialog system-defined formats, and/orSee Workbook chap. 4.See Workbook chap. 4. Other format(s) are user-defined/based Other format(s) are user-defined/based Based on Based on field tagsfield tags rather than a standard format rather than a standard format such as ti, ab, au, py.such as ti, ab, au, py.Found in bluesheetsFound in bluesheetsType CommandType CommandTags are found in a database bluesheetsTags are found in a database bluesheetsTypeType command is composed of four parts: command is composed of four parts: tt set noset no././formatformat//recordrecord no(s)no(s)Example: Example: tt s1/ s1/33/1-5/1-5system-defined (format 3)system-defined (format 3)Example:Example: t t s1/ s1/au,ti,abau,ti,ab/1-5/1-5user-defined format with author, title, and abstractuser-defined format with author, title, and abstractDisplay CommandDisplay CommandDisplay or DS allows viewing search sets Display or DS allows viewing search sets or search historyor search historyDiffers from Type commandDiffers from Type commandTyping DS will display all search terms Typing DS will display all search terms and sets performed in a searchand sets performed in a searchNestingNestingSearch technique used to group similar Search technique used to group similar terms or terms that have relationships terms or terms that have relationships together to increase search resultstogether to increase search resultsUsed to force retrieval software to change Used to force retrieval software to change its order of processing of the Boolean its order of processing of the Boolean operators based on their strengths operators based on their strengths Results in lower recall but higher precisionResults in lower recall but