CHEM 2211 1st Edition Lecture 18 Outline of Last LectureI. Carbocation stabilityII. Addition of hydrogen halide to alkeneIII. Transition state structuresIV. Electrophilic addition reactions are region selectiveOutline of Current LectureI. Addition of water to alkenesII. Addition of alcohol to alkenesIII. 1,2 hydride shifIV. Methyl shifCurrent LectureI. Addition of water to alkenesA. Alkenes don’t readily react with water; they require an acid catalyst (generally H2SO4)B. Reaction is called hydrationC. Overall, the reaction is the addition of the electrophile to one carbon and the nucleophile to anotherD. Final product is an alcoholE. Example:II. Addition of alcohol to alkenesA. Requires a catalyst and the product is an etherB. Same mechanism as hydration but the nucleophile is R—OH instead of H2OC. Example:III. 1,2 hydride shifA. The carbocation rearranges itself in order to become more stableB. A hydride (H-) move to an adjacent carbocation in order to stabilize the moleculeC. Example:IV. Methyl shifA. Like 1,2 hydride shif, but a methyl moves instead of a H ionB.
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