CHEM 2211 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last LectureI. Alkyl group formationII. Addition of Functional groupsIII. Naming of Iso-structuresIV. Naming of sec- and tert-butyl structureV. Naming AlkanesOutline of Current LectureI. What are cycloalkanesII. Rules for NomenclatureIII. AlcoholsI. How alcohols are formedII. Rules for NomenclatureVocabularyCycloalkaneAlcoholCurrent LectureI. Cycloalkanes are alkanes in a ring formation.a. They have two fewer hydrogens than straight chain alkanesII. Rules for naming cycloalkanesa. Add the prefix “cyclo” to the beginning of the name that signifies the number of carbons on the parent chainCyclopropaneCyclobutane Cyclopentaneb. The cycloalkane is considered the parent chain unless a straight chain substituenthas more carbons. Then, the straight chain is the parent chain and the cycloalkane is the substituent.i. If only one substituent exists, then no numbers are needed to identify its place on the cycloalkane.Methylcyclopentane1-cyclobutylpentanec. When two substituents are present on the ring, then the first one alphabetically is the number one substituent.1-methyl-2-propylcyclohexane1-ethyl-3-methylcyclopentaned. When a cycloalkane has more than two substituents, the number-1 substituent isthe one that results in the lowest number for the second substituent.1, 1, 2-trimethylcyclopentaneNOT1, 2, 2-trimethylcyclopentaneNOT 1, 1, 5-trimethylcyclopentane4-ethyl-2-methyl-1-propylcyclopentaneNOT1-ethy-3-methyl-4-propylcyclohexaneNOT 5-ethyl-1-methyl-2-propylcyclohexaneAlcoholsI. Alcohols are formed when an –OH attaches to an alkyl groupa. They can be primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on whether the carbon they are attached to is primary, secondary, or tertiaryII. Rules for naming alcoholsa. By dropping the “e” and the end of an alkane name and adding the suffix “—ol” MethanolEthanoli. IUPAC recently has changed the nomenclature for alcohols3-pentanol OR pentan-3-olb. The parent chain is the longest chain that CONTAINS the OH functional groupc. The OH group has the lowest possible number when numbered on the parent hydrocarbon2-butanol OR butan-2-ol3-butoxy-1-propanol OR 3-butoxypropan-1-old. The suffix “—diol” is added to compounds with two OH groups on the parent chain4, 2-hexanediolORhexane-2, 4-diole. When both a functional group and a substituent are present, the functional group gets the lowest number3-bromo-1-propanolf. If both a functional group and the OH group have the same number when numbered from both directions, then the functional group gets the lowest number.2-chloro-3-penthanolNOT 4-chloro-3-pethanol3-methylcyclohexanol NOT 5-methylcyclohexanolg. When more than one substituent is present on an alcohol, then they are listed alphabetically.7-bromo-4-ethyl-2-octanol3,
View Full Document
Unlocking...