Worksheet on Resonance StructuresGeneral Guidelines for Resonance Structures1. Try to draw structures that are as low in energy as possible2. The best structures tend to have the maximum number of bonds and the most octets3. When structures are equivalent in terms of bonds and octets, minimize formal charge to find the more stable structure4. All structures must be valid. Only electrons may be moved to change between structures, bonding sequence of atoms must remain the same.5. Use curved arrows to show the movement of electrons. Only move lone pairs and multiple bonds ( electrons).6. Separate resonance structures by a double headed arrow.7. Resonance stabilization is very important when it delocalizes or spreads a charge over two or more atoms.8. Negative formal charges are more stable on atoms with higher electronegativities.1. Draw all the resonance structures for the following ion. Show all electron pushing arrows.2. Draw all the resonance structures for the following ion. Show all electron pushing arrows.3. Draw all the resonance structures (4 more) for the following ion. Show all electron pushing arrows.4. Draw all the resonance structures (4 more) for the following ion. Show all electron pushing arrows.5. Draw all the resonance structures for the following molecule. Show all electron pushing arrows.6. Based on your knowledge of electron delocalization through resonance structures circle the most basic molecule for each of the following pairs of molecules.7. Based on your knowledge of electron delocalization through resonance structures circle the most acidic proton which is in bold in the following molecules.Simple IonsCationsOne Lewis structure for the allyl cation isThis structure contains a pair of pushable electrons, namely the  (pi) electrons in the double bond between C2and C3. The structure also contains a positively charged carbon atom at C1 that can act as a receptor. A new resonance structure can be generated by pushing the pair of pi electrons to the receptor. This is signified by the curved arrow with two barbs.1 2By pushing electrons to the receptor, the positive charge has been neutralized, but a new positive charge has been generated at C1. Structure 1 can be regenerated from 2 by pushing the pi electrons between C1 and C2 toward the positively charged carbon C3. Structures 1 and 2 are equivalent but not identical. It is important to recognize opportunities to push electrons and generate new resonance structures. It is also important to recognize those structures in which one cannot push electrons. In order to be able to generate one or more resonance structure, a Lewis structure must have pushable electrons and a receptor. Furthermore the receptor must be next to the pushable electrons.1. One Lewis structure for the butenyl cation is . A new resonance structure can be generated by pushing the pi electrons to the receptor. 2. There are no important resonance structures for the isopropyl cationbecause there are no ______ ______ in the structure. There are no important resonance structures for dimethyl etherbecause, although there are pushable electrons on the oxygen atom, there is no ______________.There are no important resonance structures for the 5-pentenyl cationbecause the pushable electrons and the receptor are separated by two methylene groups (-CH2-). AnionsOne Lewis structure for the acetate ion is This structure contains several pairs of pushable electrons. Since the object of writing resonance structures is to show delocalization of charge, it is reasonable that electrons should be pushed away from a center of negative charge. Pushing a pair of unshared electrons, located on the negatively charged oxygen, toward the carbonyl carbon would giveThis however, gives the intolerable situation of having ten valence electrons around the carboxyl carbon. The situation can be relieved by pushing the pi electrons of the original carbon-oxygen double bond toward the oxygen atom, which can tolerate the negative charge. Thus,3. The cyclohexane carboxylate anion has a Lewis structurePushing a pair of unshared electrons away from the negatively charged oxygen atom and, at the same time, pushing a pair of pi electrons toward the other oxygen will generate a second resonance structure. Thus, Here are several errors and misconceptions that appear frequently in attempts to write resonance structures.I. Always push electron, never push positive charges. Remember that the arrows used in generating resonance structures indicate how the electrons are moving. A structure such as the one shown below is incorrect.II. Always push electrons away from the centers of negative charge and toward centers of positive charge. The resonance method depends on delocalizing charge. Electrons, which have negative charge, must be pushed away from centers of relatively high electron density and toward centers of relatively low electron density.More Complicated IonsVery often more than two resonance structures can be written for an ion. One Lewis structure for the phenoxide ion isThe structure contains a pair of pushable electrons, namely, the unshared electrons on the negatively charged oxygen atom. The structure also contains a receptor, from which a pair of pi electrons can be pushed. This is shown as A BStructure B can be used to generate another resonance structure by pushing the unshared electrons at C2 toward C3, as the C3-C4 pi electrons are pushed to C4. A final structure, equivalent to but not identical to B can be arrived at by pushing the unshared pair at C4 toward C5 and moving the C5-C6 pi electrons to C6.Try to complete the following without referring to the structures you have just written. The complete resonance method designation for phenoxide ion, including both Kekule’ forms of the first structure, is Exercises: Complete the problems below by drawing as many resonance structures as possible and using curved arrows. In instances where no resonance structures can be drawn, write NR (no resonance). A. B. C.D. E. F. G. H. I. J.K. L. M. N. O. P. Q.R. S. T.