BIOM 121 1nd EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 7Chapter 1I. Termsa. Motion: change of an object’s position with timeb. Motion Diagram: showing an object’s position at several equally spaced instants of timec. Scalar Quantity: physical quantity described by a single numberd. Vector Quantity: a quantity having both size and directione. Displacement: change of positionf. Average Speed: an object’s fastness or slownessg. Average Velocity: the time an object undergoes a displacementh. Average Acceleration: the time in which the object’s velocity changesII. Motion moving along a linea. If an object is speeding up where do “a” and “v” point?i. Same direction and are both positiveb. If an object is slowing down where do “a” and “v” point?i. Opposite directions with opposite signsc. If an object has constant speed where do “a” and “v” point?i. V points in the same direction as its sign, and a is zeroChapter 2I. Termsa. Kinematics: mathematics description of motionb. Instantaneous Velocity: a speed and a direction at a single instant of time tc. Free Fall: motion of an object moving under the influence of gravity onlyd. Instantaneous Acceleration: rate of change of velocityII. Equationsv =v0+atv2=v02+2 a(∆ x)∆ x=v0t +(12)a t2III. Applicationsa. Motion on an inclined planeb. Use the Equation:a=± gsinθChapter 3I. Termsa. Component Vector: two vectors that are parallel to the x axis and y axis that make up a resultant vectorb. Unit Vector: vector with a magnitude of 1II. Vector Algebraa. Additioni. When adding vectors A + B = ABii. Draw A and then Draw B with the tail of B to the tip of Aiii. Draw AB then from the tail of A to the tip of Bb. Subtractioni. When subtracting vectors A – B = ABii. Draw A and then Draw –B with the tail of B to the tip of Aiii. Draw AB then from the tail of A to the tip of Bc. Multiplicationi. When multiplying C*A = CAii. Draw A (C times) as longIII. Componentsa. How to find the components of Vector A?b. Ax=Acosθ, Ay=AsinθChapter 4I. Uniform Circular Motiona. Angular Velocityi. Velocity w = dθ/dtAxθAAyii. Centripetal Acceleration a = v2/rII. Non Uniform Circular Motiona. Angular Accelerationi. Radial Acceleration ar = v2/rIII. Projectile Motiona. Occurs if the object moves under the influence of only gravity and the motion is aparabolab. Uniform motion in the horizontal directionc. Free fall motion in the vertical directiond. Time with respect to x and y are equalIV. Equationsa. PeriodT =2 πrVb. Angular Positionθ=srChapter 5I. Forcesa. Long-range Forces: act on objects without physical contacti. Gravity1. Weight is magnitude of gravity for an object at restb. Contact Forces: act on objects by touchingi. Spring Force1. Compressed will push an object, stretched will pull an objectii. Tension Force1. Exerted when a string/rope/wire pulls on an objectiii. Normal Force1. Force exerted by a surface against an object pressing upon itiv. Friction1. Kinetic Frictiona. Appears as objects slide across a surfaceb. Opposes motion2. Static Frictiona. Keeps objects stuck on a surface and prevent motionb. Opposes direction nobject would movev. Drag Force1. Resistive force of a fluid (gas or liquid)2. Significant for object moving at high speed or in a dense fluidsvi. Thrust Force1. Jet or rocket engine expels gas molecules at high speeds which thrust the rocket in the opposite directionII. Newton’s Lawsa. 1st Lawi. An object at rest will remain at rest, an object moving will continue to move in a straight line with constant velocity if and only if the net force acting on the object is zero.b. 2nd Lawi. An object of mass m, subjected to forces 1, 2, and 3, will undergo acceleration ii. F = maiii. Describes how an object responds to forcec. 3rd Lawi. For every action there is an equal but opposite