TissuesPhysiology 5.1 NotesVocab:- Tissue: a group of similar cells + extracellular substance that combines for one function.- Epithelial Tissue: sheets of strong cell-to-cell attachments that hold cells together.- Basement Membrane: composed to polysaccharides + proteins to cement tissue to underlying structures.- Connective Tissue: binds and anchors the body, most abundant in body. - Cartilage: unique liquidy tissue that heals slowly and is without blood vessels.- Bone: hard mineralized tissue found in skeletal system- Osteoid: stage of bone matrix before it hardens/calcifies.- Muscular Tissue: contracts to generate force + movement.- Nervous Tissue: responds to changes in environmentNotes:- The human body has 4 tissue typeso Epithelial: covers the body, lines all cavaties + glandso Connective: connects structures by supporting/holding organs. Maintains the integrity of bodyo Muscular: provides movement + heato Nervous: response to the environment, detects, processes, coordinates information for body.- Epithelial tissue has 8 basic types: simple (absorption), stratified (protection), squamous, cuboidal, columnar, o Gland epithelial tissue: Exocrine: secretes into ducts onto the surface of the gland Endocrine: no ducts, secretes into extracellular fluids (hormones…)- Connective tissue cells are suspended in noncellular matrix. All have connective fibers of collagen, elastin to support stretch/strength.o Soft Tissue: matrix of semifluid substances, has fibroblasts that secrete fibers and white blood cells that fight off infectionso Soft C-Tissue = skin, tendons, heart valves, blood vesselso Specialized C-Tissue = cartilage, bone, blood, lymph. o Cartilage = unique liquidy tissue that heals slowly and is without blood vessels. Hyaline Cartilage: covers ends of bones and trachea Elastic Cartilage: elastic fibers in ears + windpipe Fibrocartilage: packed with collagen and cushions kneeso Bones starts off as cartilage but cells secrete “osteoid” that hardens and surrounds cells in an ossified matrix over time.o Blood considered connective tissue as well. Carries nutrients/hormones/wastes around body.o Lymph comes from interstitial fluid (fills spaces between cells of tissues)o Adipose (fat) tissue saves lipids in cellulite units all over body.- Muscles help generate movement by contracting.o Skeletal Muscle: moves limbs with long parallel muscle fibers. o Smooth Muscle: lines hollow organs with short, cylindrical cellso Cardiac Muscle: short cells that gap junctions are used to facilitate heartbeats.- Nervous Tissue: responds to changes in the environmento Neuroglia (Glia): supporting cells of nervous tissue. Improve nutrient flow to neurons and provide support for their function.o Nerves: clusters of neurons surrounded by connective tissue.o Neurons: cells that carry electrical impulses. o Central Nervous System: spinal cord + brain nerveso Peripheral Nervous System: everything else outside of main torso.Physiology 5.2 Notes:Notes:- There are 11 organ systems in the body, integumentary (protect/cover), skeletal (structure/support), muscular (mobility/heat), nervous (sense/response), cardiovascular (fluids/oxygen), respiratory (gas exchange), urinary (fluid balance), endocrine (growth/development), digestive (nutrients), lymphatic (immunity), reproductive (sex).- The goal of the whole organism is to maintain homeostasis. Small alterations in one system can drastically affect another