ExamName___________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)The belief that nature is sacred and should not be used at all is (was) held byA)conservationists like Teddy Roosevelt.B)preservationists like Earth First!1)2)The main reason for the slowing of continental expansion in Europe in the 1300s wasA)prolonged and bloody warfare.B)memories of bad experiences during the Crusades.C)the opposition of the Church.D)the unwillingness to use paper money as a form of currency.E)the bubonic plague.2)World Map3)La Paz is the capital ofA)7.B)32.C)36.D)24.E)23.3)4)According to our text, to date, no accidents have been associated with nuclear energyproduction in theA)periphery.B)core.4)5)During the era of internal European expansion, the most obvious change in the land wasA)sheep grazing.B)soil salination.C)deforestation.D)siltation.5)16)Desertification occurring in the grasslands of the Sahel, bordering the Sahara is the result ofA)careless overgrazing by thoughtless herders.B)droughts and other acts of nature or God.C)a complex set of environmental, cultural and political economic factors.D)industrialization and urbanization.E)expanding beef production for U.S. and European markets.6)7)The great environmental benefit of hydropower as an energy source is that itA)produces few atmospheric pollutants.B)has no impact on local plant and animal life.C)maintains the pristine quality of the body of water on which it is built.D)benefits water quality.E)All of the above are among the benefits of hydropower.7)8)The greatest loss of human life in history followed the Columbian Exchange and its associatedA)virgin soil epidemics.B)slavery and forced labor.8)9)The nature of the relationship between humans and their environment is based mostly onA)prevailing religious beliefs.B)technological understanding and ability.C)population size.D)the hegemonic political system.E)core-periphery relationships.9)10)The social production of nature refers toA)preservation and conservation of unique environments and biosphere reserves.B)the transformation of landscapes and species by human activity.C)cloning, surrogate mothering and in vitro fertilization.D)ecological imperialism.E)cultural and political ecology.10)2World Map11)Which pair of countries share a continent?A)Australia & SomaliaB)Haiti & the Dominican RepublicC)Australia & BoliviaD)Peru & UgandaE)Bolivia & Somalia11)12)Archaeologists are still trying to figure out why certain megafauna (ie., ________ ) becameextinct around 11,000 years ago and others did not.A)fruit trees and fernsB)mammoths & cave bears.12)13)EcofeminismA)argues that men equate nature with women.B)calls for the creation of a strong patriarchy.C)rejects Goddess worship.D)has found significant acceptance primarily in core countries.13)14)Humans dispersed so widely during the Paleolithic period primarily becauseA)they needed new areas with sufficient food for survival.B)they wished to avoid infectious diseases.C)of the innate desire to explore new lands.D)wars made it necessary.14)315)Which religious perspective believes that all animate and inanimate natural phenomena have aspirit or consciousness?A)Buddhist perspectiveB)Judeo-Christian perspectiveC)Taoist perspectiveD)Animist perspectiveE)Islamic perspective15)16)According to Knox and Marston, the high number of deaths in New Orleans from hurricaneKatrina (2005) was primarily the result ofA)social and political factors.B)global warming.C)terrorists.D)pollution.E)"Mother Nature."16)17)Numerous small islands of Oceania in the South Pacific continue to suffer environmentalconsequences of the Cold War arms race because they wereA)littered with depleted uranium and other military trash.B)used as massive naval and military bases.C)depleted of mineral resources for high tech materials.D)used as nuclear weapons testing sites.E)used as testing sites for biological weapons.17)18)Earth First! and other groups that use extralegal tactics to protect the environment are, generally,A)political ecologists.B)conservationists.C)cultural ecologists.D)ecological imperialists.E)preservationists.18)19)Understanding human-environment interactions within the context of the surrounding politicaland economic relationships is an approach taken byA)eco-economists.B)political ecologists.19)20)Cultral ecologogists attempt to understand how cultural processes affect adaptation toA)the world system.B)the environment.20)21)The lower an organism on the food chain, theA)more energetic it is.B)more energy efficient it is.C)more meat it eats.D)less of them there are.E)more tasty it is, especially with a little bit of garlic and olive oil.21)422)The term "global change" includes this type of problem:A)politicalB)economicC)environmentalD)all of the above22)World Map23)Canberra is the capital of the country labeled with which number?A)24B)34C)64D)44E)5423)24)The Islamic perspective on nature has the most in common with the perspective on nature of thisreligion:A)BuddhismB)JudaismC)AnimismD)Taoism24)25)Your textbook authors point out that to represent the disastrous impact of Hurricane Katrina(2005) as a "natural" disaster it misleading because it ignoresA)political & social factors.B)cultural and religious factors.25)26)In the energy pyramid accompanying a generalized food chain, ________ produce the leastamount of energy.A)herbivoresB)photosynthesizersC)carnivoresD)top carnivores26)27)Cities of ancient Mesopotamia in the Fertile Crescent grew and relied upon a vast irrigationnetwork. It is thought that the region eventually collapsed about 4,000 years ago because ofA)the discovery of oil.B)species extinction.C)religious conflict.D)climate change.E)environmental mismanagement.27)528)This region has the highest commercial energy consumption per capita:A)North AmericaB)AsiaC)AfricaD)South America28)29)Human contributions to global climate warming are primarily fromA)oil spills in the core and the periphery.B)the hole in the ozone layer created by the space shuttle.C)the proliferation of pavement in both the core and the periphery.D)deforestation in the periphery.E)carbon dioxide emissions in the core.29)30)Marshes, bogs, peatlands, and swamps are all in the ________ category of land cover.A)forestB)steppeC)wetlandD)grasslandE)archipelago30)31)The largest cause of oil pollution in the world's oceans isA)oil tanker accidents.B)surface run-off of oil from core countries.C)home heating oil