World-System TheoryNOTES: UNIT 1 “WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?”Definition: to be filled in laterTwo perspectives, five themes, five amplifiers, 18 standards organizedabout six essential elementsTwo Perspectives--spatial perspective--density--dispersion--distribution--ecological (environmental) perspectiveFive Themes--location: absolute/relative; site/situation; centrality; GIS--place: physical & human characteristics; geographic character and meaning--human-environment interaction: connections; opportunities & constraints; land use; interaction influenced by three factors; ways humans adjust/adapt to the environment--movement: spatial interaction; accessibility & connectivity; friction of distance; spatial diffusion; first law of geography--region: types? Characteristics?Five Amplifiers--Pattern/associations: the phenomenon geographers study seeking regularity and reason in location--Scale: the level at which geographers place and study events; local to global--Change: a process geographers track and which produces future patterns; change over time, change over space, or both; changes in landscape, land use, economic systems and relationships, from periphery to core (edge to center)--Systems: relationships among items with a spatial context--Perception: varying perspectives from which the world is seenWorld-System Theory--a fundamental concept that can help organize ideas about culture, culture change, and globalization--World-System: interdependent system of countries linked by economic & political competition (capitalism)--History: page 54New productionnew technologies geographic expansionimperialism--Three tiers:- Coredominate trade; control advanced technologies; diverse economies; highly productive; fast world- Semiperipheral in between—exploiting peripheral while being exploited by core; transitioning from peripheral to core- Peripheralundeveloped; low productivity; low tech; narrow, specialized economies; slow
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