ENVR_SCI 101 1stEdition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. HomeworkII. POGIL 2.1: The Carbon Cycle(2) Outline of Current Lecture II. Announcements III.POGIL 2.2: The Water CycleCurrent Lecture II. AnnouncementsA. NO LABS THIS WEEKB. week 1 make-up labs: Fulmer 206 Wed. /Fri. 11-2C. midterm on Sept. 19 (through Nitrogen Cycle)D. Sandra Postel lecture on Sept. 19 @7pm @CUB Auditorium for EXTRA CREDITE. Water Footprint due on Friday on ANGEL III. POGIL 2.2: The Water Cycle1. The Water Cycle Model (Figure 2.2.4 in the e-text). 2. What percentage of the water on the planet is fresh (not salty)?-2.5%3. There are three stocks of fresh water on the planet. What are they, and what percentages of global freshwater does each of these stocks contain?-Groundwater: 30.1%, Ice Caps/Glaciers: 68.6%, Surface/Other: 1.3%4. A small percentage of global freshwater is found in the category “surface and other”. How is water distributed in this stock?- Ice/Snow: 73.1%, Lakes: 20.1%, Soil Moisture: 3.52%, Swamps/Marshes: 2.53%, Rivers: 0.46%, Biological Water: 0.22%, Atmospheric Water Vapor: 0.22%5. Based on the information above, in what form is most of the freshwater found? Or in other words, is it vapor, liquid, or solid?-solid6. Why does the chart distinguish between “ice caps and glaciers” and “ice and snow”?These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-ice caps and glaciers are more permanent and have longer life span than ice and snow7. When the sun heats the surface of a body of water, such as the ocean, its energy “breaks” bonds between water molecules, allowing some water to escape in the form of water vapor. This process is called ________.-evaporation8. When the sun heats the glacier, ice field, or snow, water can move from solid form in the snow or ice directly into the atmosphere as vapor. This process is called _______.-sublimation9. The sun also drives the movement of water from plants and soils in a process that is called ________.-evapotranspiration10. As the warm water vapor rises into the atmosphere, it cools and forms clouds. This process is called _______.-condensation11. Depending on atmospheric conditions, the condensed water molecules in theclouds will collide and cling to one another. This process is called _______.-condensation12. When enough water molecules cling together to become heavy enough to leave a cloud, they fall to the ground as rain, snow, or hail in a process called ________.-precipitation13. After water lands on the ground as a liquid, what are the three stocks that it could be stored in temporarily before it returns to the ocean?-ice/snow, lakes, plants/soils14. The process of water soaking into soils, or ground water formation, is called ______.-infiltration15. When water is flowing off the landscape and collecting in rivers and lakes, theprocess is called ______.-runoff16. The length of any single water molecule stays in a stock of water can vary from seconds to hundreds of thousands of years. Provide one example of a short-term stock andone example of a long-term stock.-Short-Term: plants-Long-Term: glaciers17. In the atmosphere, does warm air rise or fall?-rise18. In the atmosphere, does cool air rise or fall?-fall19. In a lake or ocean, does warm water rise or fall?-rise20. In a lake or ocean, does warm water rise or fall?-fall21. The thermohaline current extends across the surface of the ocean and across the surface of the ocean and across the bottom of the ocean. Where on the planet does the current sink?-North Atlantic22. Where does the thermohaline return to the surface of the ocean?-Indian and Pacific23. What happens as the current moves through the central Atlantic Ocean that would cause water to evaporate out of the ocean?-heat24. Is the water that has evaporated from the ocean fresh or salty?-fresh25. Would water remaining in the ocean be more or less salty as a result of evaporation?-less salty26. As water evaporates, it takes heat with it. Would the water remaining in the ocean be cooler or warmer as a result? -cooler27. Why does the water in the North Atlantic sink?-high salinity and water