BIO 311D 2nd Edition Final Exam Study Guide Exam 1 Review 1 In cocker spaniels black color B is dominant over red b and solid color S is dominant over spotted s and the genes are unlinked If two offspring F1 of BBss and bbss parental individuals are mated with each other what fraction of their offspring the F2 will be black and spotted 2 In the maternity ward Mrs L and Mrs M shared a room and both gave birth to daughters on the same morning but careful records were not kept and the babies might have been switched Here s the information Mr L is type O Mrs L is type AB baby L is type O Mr M and Mrs M and baby M are all type A Based on blood type data were the babies switched Yes the babies were definitely switched 3 Which of the following can change allele frequencies from generation to generation in a large population of diploid sexually reproducing organisms Random mutation 4 There are two alleles for a certain gene locus A and a 70 of the alleles in a particular gene pool are A What is the genotype frequency of AA individuals p 2 0 49 5 A ship that had been used for many years in arctic exploration was sold and moved to a harbor in the warm waters of the Caribbean Worms that had lived on the ship bottom crawled off in the warm waters and attempted to attach to other ships in this tropical area where there were no similar worms Some of the worms were able to survive and reproduce What would you expect to happen to this group of worms over many generations in this new environment Worms processing genetic variations that help them to survive and thrive in the new environment will leave more offspring than others lacking those traits Over time the proportion of the worm population with these adaptive traits will likely increase 6 A chef sprays antimicrobial cleaner on her counter top At the first the bacteria population declines significantly However even though she continues to spray in following weeks the number of bacteria begins to increase again Why did this happen Some bacteria had traits that allowed them to survive the initial antimicrobial application They produced offspring also carrying those traits 7 Polydacytyl is a dominant trait A and not sex linked in humans A man with polydactyl marries a woman with normal digit number Show the Punnett Square for this mating What fraction of their offspring is expected to have polydactyl 50 of their offspring are expected to have polydactyl a a A Aa Aa a aa aa 8 Hemophilia is caused by a recessive X linked gene h A woman is heterozygous for the recessive X linked gene for hemophilia Her husband is not affected by hemophilia Show the Punnett Square for this mating What proportion of their daughters will be carriers for the trait 50 of their daughters will be carriers XH Y H H H X X X XHY Xh XH Xh XhY 9 A population with purple flowers is effectively pollinated by a certain species of bee The environment is getting warmer and that bee is no longer active at the time this plant blooms Instead bees that visit yellow flowers are more common in this habitat List a series of events changes by which this plant population over time evolves yellow flower color by the process of natural selection 1 Genetic variation present in the population 2 Temperature change bees aren t active when flowers bloom 3 Bees don t pollinate the purple flowers 4 Purple flowers aren t able to pass on their genes due to lack of pollination 5 Bees pollinate yellow flowers because the time the flowers bloom the bees are active 6 Over time yellow flowers are able to successfully reproduce more passing on the traits to their offspring 10 In a species the normal diploid number 2n is 30 Fill in the correct number a Number of DNA molecules in a cell in G2 phase after replication 60 b Number of homologous pairs in this species genome 15 c Number of chromosomes in a normal gamete of this species 15 d Number of chromosomes in a typical body cell of an individual in this species that has a trisomy condition 2n 1 31 e Possible number of chromosomes in a typical body cell of an individual in this species that resulted from polyploidy 60 45 11 On a phylogenetic tree write a timeline arrow past to present a Write a star or asterisk at a point indicating the most recent common ancestor of species A and F b Write a line indicating the position of an out group Label it out group 12 Evidence suggests that species A and B by allopatric speciation What is necessary in order to have a history of allopatric speciation a geographic barrier 13 If they are distinct species what is a specific example of an isolating mechanism to maintain that Mechanical isolation the reproductive parts of species A and B simply don t fit with one another Other examples include behavioral isolation gametic isolation and hybrid sterility Exam 2 Review 1 Co evolution is when two organisms are each the selective agent for the other in the partnership 2 Which of these is a correct match describing where in a plant most of the substance enters and where in the plant it mainly used up or released Nitrates enter through the roots and are used up at meristem 3 Which of these are examples of asexual reproduction A small plant develops from a leaf broken off the parent plant 4 The evolutionary advantage of having a Casparian strip is only substances that can cross membranes enter plant core 5 Of the following short list which event best represents a fertilization step in flowering plants Combination of sperm nucleus and two polar nuclei 6 What is the specific evolved function of the attractive nutritious tissue of a fruit such as a peach or cherry Only for nutrition for animals that disperse the seeds 7 Water will tend to move into a cell with what combination of conditions Higher solute concentration and lower fluid pressure 8 Of the following which of the following systems provides the LEAST genetic variability Asexual reproduction 9 A mutant plant produces fruits that do not ripen Genes for which of these could be missing in this mutant Ethylene receptor 10 Recall the definition of evolutionary fitness In order to determine fitness of a group of plants you tested in a field experiment you do you would need to measure which of these Survivorship and germination of seeds produced by your plants 11 An experiment tests effects of a plant s soil nitrate content on the total weight of seeds produced by a set of plants a What is the dependent variable Total weight of seeds b State the null hypothesis The plant s soil