BIO 311D 2nd Edition Lecture 29 Outline of Last Lecture I How are circulatory systems organized II Evolution of the heart in vertebrates III Introduction to blood and lymph IV In class exercise index card questions Outline of Current Lecture I Index Questions Answers II Blood and Lymph III Lymphocyte specialization IV Action of B and T cells Current Lecture I Index Questions 1 RA RV LA LV RA V LA V 2 Bind receptors on heart muscle trigger contraction Medulla 3 Bind receptors on sphincter muscles at capillary bed cause relaxation II III Blood and Lymph A Platelets are specialized in clotting a Release of platelets and clotting factors b Cascade of reactions c Plasma proteins synthesized in liver and circulated in inactive form d Prothrombin circulating in plasma e Thrombin catalyzes f g f Fibrinogen circulating in plasma g Fibrin 1 Clotting factors catalyze this reaction prothrombin plasma protein thrombin 2 Thrombin catalyzes this reaction Fibrinogen Fibrin B All blood cells come from pluripotent stem cells in bone marrow They differentiate into cells with specific functions a What specializations found in 1 Lymphocytes that secrete protein Produce immunoglobulins 2 Macrophages that engulf particles Lysosomes amoeba shaped move around 3 Red blood cells that carry O2 Produce a lot of hemoglobin no mitochondria won t use oxygen no Golgi a lot of ribosomes lose nucleus Lymphocyte specialization A Lymphatic system another circulatory system involved in defense B Defense systems a Innate non specific rapid response 1 Barriers skin mucous membrane secretions 2 Internal inflammation phagocytic cells natural killer cells antimicrobial proteins b Adaptive not innate slower response 1 Specific B and Y lymphocyte responses C What happens when you get a splinter Inflammation a Mast cells non specific produces histamine release chemical signals increase in interstitial fluid phagocytic cells release b Fluid helps wash away cellular debris increase circulation more fluid flow c Increase in temperature slows down bacterial growth D Phagocytosis Action of B and T cells A Lymphocytes B and T cells are involved in specific acquired defense a B cells humoral response fights antigen in fluids b T cells cell meditated response fights antigen in cells B Specific Defense a Antigenic determinants are small portions of antigens specific non self or altered self substances Antibodies react with antigenic determinants Our bodies can make millions of different antibodies each specific to a particular antigen 1 Antigen binding site specificity is at the tip of the Y R groups and shape C Structure of Ig immunoglobulin is four polypeptide chains a Which of the following is NOT part of the innate inflammatory response 1 Phagocytosis 2 Fluid accumulation 3 Release of chemical signals 4 Antibody Secretion specific immune response D Every lymphocyte becomes committed to produce only 1 immunoglobulin by cutting and splicing its DNA permanently deleting other segments of the antibody genes There s also mRNA splicing and lots of mutation E You ve specialized to be a B or T cell a You ve committed to fighting one specific antigen and now have membrane receptors specialized to bind only that antigen b Hanging out in lymph nodes and wait for antigen to show up F B Cell activation a Correct antigen binds to receptor stimulates cell to divide This is called clonal selection b Of the clone of cells some become plasma cells and secrete antibody c Others become memory cells remain inactive
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