BIO 311D 2nd Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Current Lecture I Animal cells tissues body plans II Hox genes Current Lecture I Animal cells tissues body plans 7 major groups of vertebrates jawless fishes cartilaginous fishes bony fishes amphibians reptiles birds and mammals Traits of Animals Animal cells cell cell connections Distinctive tissue types Embryonic cell layers Protists flagellated Metazoa 2 or 3 embryonic tissues Sponge no embryonic tissue layers Distinctive features Heterotrophy ingestion of food Behavior Mobility Multi cellular Specialized cells aggregation of cells muscle nerve tissues aerobic metabolism Ocean Chemistry calcium carbonate skeletons Some features of animal cells Abundance extracellular matrix ECM greater capacity for communication signaling Specilized cell cell junctions 1 tight junctions prevents ECM from leaking out 2 desmosomes physically connect things and 3 gap junctions communication ions can be passed on from cell to cell Cell differentiation animal tissues Epithelial cells in layers on a basilar membrane for transport secretion and protection Connective cells in a non cellular matrix blood bone and cartilage fibrous connective Muscle smooth striated and cardiac Nerve II Animal Development zygote fertilized egg eight cells blastula gastrula adult animal Endoderm mesoderm ectoderm Hox genes Hox genes products transcription factors Multi gene family What order would you expect the hox genes to be in on the chromosome 3 D B E A C 5
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