BIO 311D 2nd Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Current Lecture I. Animal cells tissues, body plansII. Hox genesCurrent LectureI. Animal cells tissues, body plans- 7 major groups of vertebrates: jawless fishes, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals - Traits of Animals- Animal cells, cell-cell connections- Distinctive tissue types- Embryonic cell layers+ Protists (flagellated)+ Metazoa (2 or 3 embryonic tissues)+ Sponge (no embryonic tissue layers)- Distinctive features: + Heterotrophy (ingestion of food)+ Behavior+ Mobility + Multi-cellular - Specialized cells aggregation of cells muscle/nerve tissues aerobic metabolism - Ocean Chemistry: calcium carbonate skeletons - Some features of animal cells+ Abundance extracellular matrix (ECM): greater capacity for communication (signaling) + Specilized cell-cell junctions: (1) tight junctions (prevents ECM from leaking out), (2) desmosomes (physically connect things), and (3) gap junctions (communication, ions can be passed on from cell to cell)- Cell differentiation (animal tissues)+ Epithelial: cells in layers on a basilar membrane, for transport, secretion, and protection+ Connective: cells in a non-cellular matrix (blood, bone, and cartilage fibrous connective)+ Muscle: smooth, striated, and cardiac+ Nerve- Animal Development: zygote (fertilized egg), eight cells, blastula, gastrula,adult animal + Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm II. Hox genes+ Hox genes products: transcription factors+ Multi-gene family+ What order would you expect the hox genes to be in on the chromosome?3’ D-B-E-A-C
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