BIO 311D 2nd Edition Lecture 34 Outline of Last Lecture I. Abiotic and biotic factors determine where organisms liveII. Mammalian reproduction systems link male and female timingIII. Selection for individual survival and reproductive success can explain most animal behaviorOutline of Current Lecture I. Introduction to population ecologyII. Population growth modelsIII. Population dispersion, survivorship, mortality Current LectureI. Introduction to population ecologyA. Some animal species have evolved complex social behavior. What are the proximate and ultimate mechanisms? a. Ultimate causes- Fitness benefits: Animals that live in social groups can benefit from cooperation in behaviors such as hunting for food and defending against predatorsb. Able to notice predators from afar, communication methods to be able to form a flock, close family flock (know the individuals, can get track of them; helping family members, helps pass on the family genes), good for mating, able to find food B. Discussion Handouta. Costs: vulnerable to predators, forget to eat, lose the ladies (mating)b. Testosterone implants: increase activity, more aggressive, extending the season lower survivorship C. IClicker Questionsa. If the intrinsic rate of growth of a population is zero, the population is…b. The growth rate of a population is an unlimited environment … II. Population growth ModelsD. A group of individuals in a single species living in the same areaa. You are given the assignment of determining the current human population size in a small nation and predicting its population size in 50 years. What information will you get?b. Birth rate (using hospital reports), counting all the 1-year olds, census, immigration, # individual women childbearing age, small sample, infant mortality rate, death rate, III. Dispersion, survivorship, mortality A. What are some ways to describe populations?- Number (court individuals)- Density (individuals per area)- Dispersion (spatial arrangement of individuals)- Survivorship- Reproduction B. Dispersion of individuals in a population might be uniform, clump, and spatial C. Survivorship: early loss, constant loss, late loss - Curve comparing: oysters, small mammals and humans (Fig 53. 6)D. Northern Elephant Seals hunted almost to extinction, about 20 animals off Mexico - 1960 colonized Ano Nuevo off Santa Cruz,
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