BIO 311D 2nd Edition Lecture 34 Outline of Last Lecture I Abiotic and biotic factors determine where organisms live II Mammalian reproduction systems link male and female timing III Selection for individual survival and reproductive success can explain most animal behavior Outline of Current Lecture I Introduction to population ecology II Population growth models III Population dispersion survivorship mortality Current Lecture I II Introduction to population ecology A Some animal species have evolved complex social behavior What are the proximate and ultimate mechanisms a Ultimate causes Fitness benefits Animals that live in social groups can benefit from cooperation in behaviors such as hunting for food and defending against predators b Able to notice predators from afar communication methods to be able to form a flock close family flock know the individuals can get track of them helping family members helps pass on the family genes good for mating able to find food B Discussion Handout a Costs vulnerable to predators forget to eat lose the ladies mating b Testosterone implants increase activity more aggressive extending the season lower survivorship C IClicker Questions a If the intrinsic rate of growth of a population is zero the population is b The growth rate of a population is an unlimited environment Population growth Models D A group of individuals in a single species living in the same area a You are given the assignment of determining the current human population size in a small nation and predicting its population size in 50 years What information will you get III b Birth rate using hospital reports counting all the 1 year olds census immigration individual women childbearing age small sample infant mortality rate death rate Dispersion survivorship mortality A What are some ways to describe populations Number court individuals Density individuals per area Dispersion spatial arrangement of individuals Survivorship Reproduction B Dispersion of individuals in a population might be uniform clump and spatial C Survivorship early loss constant loss late loss Curve comparing oysters small mammals and humans Fig 53 6 D Northern Elephant Seals hunted almost to extinction about 20 animals off Mexico 1960 colonized Ano Nuevo off Santa Cruz CA
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