IPHY%3060%Lecture%#%19%“%Mitochondria%#2:%What%they%do”%Text:&pgs&420-431,&447-468&“Peroxisome%proliferatorEacFvated%receptor %gamma%coacFvator%1Ealpha”%PGCE1%α"TranscripFon%factor%contolling%mitochondria%biogenesis%Straightening%out%my%catecholamines%=%noradrenaline%=&adrenaline%both&adrenal&hormones&catechol&preferen@ally&produced&by&sympathe@c&neurons&preferen@ally&produced&in&adrenal&gland&Key%points%of%today’s%lecture%%2)&&Mitochondria&produce&the&vast&majority&of&&&&&cellular&ATP.&3)&&Efficient&extrac@on&of&energy&by&mitochondria&involves&&&&&establishing&an&H+&gradient&via&the&ETC.&1)&&Cells&oxidize&carbohydrates&in&a&step-by-step&fashion&&&&&&&to&op@mize&energy&recovery.&4)&&The&&H+&gradient&between&the&mitochondrial&&&&&&&&intermembrane&space&and&the&matrix&drives&ATP&produc@on&&The%big%picture%The%crux%of%“burning%calories”%=%Basis%of%unfavorable% chocolate%consumpFon%to%caloriesEburnedEby%exercise%raFo!%OXIDATION%(e.g.,%glucose)%(e.g.,%CO2)%REDUCTION%(e.g.,%NAD)%(e.g.,%NADH)%The%key%chemical%concept%Glycolysis%occurs%in%the%cytoplasm%glycolysis%(2%ATP%produced)%Glycolysis%produces%two%molecules%pyruvate,%2%ATP%and%2%NADH%%Anaerobic%fermentaFon%by%yeast%glycolysis%Glycolysis%in%muscle%glycolysis%The%citric%acid%cycle%occurs%in%the%mitochondrion%citric%acid%cycle%=%Krebbs%cycle%=%TCA%cycle%34%ATP%ulFmately%produced%Digital%SLR%(detailed)%version%of%the%citric%acid%cycle%Cell%phone%camera%version%of%citric%acid%cycle%Polaroid%version%of%citric%acid%cycle%Why%mitochondria%get%two%lectures%Compartments%of%the%mitochondrion%The%energy%extracted%as%NADH%is%used%to%generate%an%H+%gradient%in%the%mitochondrion%The%chemi&osmo)c*model%for%ATP%producFon%by%mitochondria%Imbalance%of%H+%ions%between%intermembrane%space%and%matrix%(membrane%potenFal)%reflects%potenFal%energy%used%to%make%ATP%protonEmoFve%force
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