IPHY%3060%Lecture%#%3%Cells%today%ancestral archea/bacteria ancestral photosynthetic bacteria ancestral plant cell ancestral animal cell ancestral fungal cell Why not this?Conserved%protein%sequences%amino%acid%sequence%from%conserve d%cell%division%protein%Cdc2%(yeast)((yeast)((us)(Dolly and BonnieThis cell will make a sheepDolly Udder?1st Homework Assignment: Please write a 1 paragraph essay describing where you think the “make-a-sheep” information exists in the egg containing the transplanted mammary gland cell nucleus.Key%Points%regarding%Dolly%experime nt%1)(The(informa3on(to(make(a(differentated(cell,(or(a(sheep,(is(largely(encoded(in(chromosomal(DNA.(2)((Different(subsets(of(chromosomal(genes(must(be(expressed(in((different(cell(types(or(embryonic(vs.(adult(cells.(3)((There(must(be(factors(in(the(oocyte(cytoplasm(that(overEride(((i.e.,(“reprogram”)(the(mammary(gland(cell(gene(expression(paHern(originally(present(in(the(nucleus(of(the(mammary(cell.(4)((SoKware(depends(on(computers(and(gene(expression(paHerns(depend(on(cellular(context.(More%quesDons%1)((How(do(cells(just(use(“part”of(their(genome?(2)((How(do(dividing(cells(maintain(their(iden3ty?(3)((What(exactly(are(these(cytoplasmic(“factors”?(4)((How(do(cells(coordinate(using(the(“appropriate”(parts(of((their(genome?(((Caenorhabdi+s-elegans%is%a%nematode%worm%0.1(mm(C.-elegans-embryonic%development%C.-elegans-embryo%with%nuclear%GFP%expression%transJilluminaDon%epiJilluminaDon%Green%Fluorescent%Protein%Aequorea%jellyfish%(”Ribbon”%model%of%GFP%structure)%GeneDcallyJ%engineered%GFP%derivaDves%3’(UTR(Aβ%1J42(ar3ficial(signal(pep3de(neuronalEspecific(promoter((from(snb$1(gene)(Make%chimeric%worm/human%gene(inject%DNA%into%%C.-elegans%worms(Engineering%“senile%worms”(Nerve%ring!Aβ/"nuclei"Assaying(chemotaxis(in(worms(chemosensory(neurons(filled(with(fuorescent(dye(origin(aHractant(control(Chemotaxis(index(=(AHractant(E(Control(AHractant(+(Control(diacetyl( ethanol(2(hr(starva3on(no(chemoaHractant(2(hr(starva3on(on(diacetyl(preference(for(diacetyl(preference(for(diacetyl(reversed(by(associa3on(with(starva3on(Transgenic%worms%with%neuronal%Aβ%expression%have%deficits%in%associaD v
View Full Document
Unlocking...