1. Earth systemThe global interconnecting web of physical and biological phenomenaLithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere2. Scientific Methoda sequence of steps for systematically analyzing scientific problems in a way that leads to verifiable results3. Stars and galaxies4. Doppler EffectRed shift: the universe is expanding5. Formation of the universebig bang, expanding the universe theory6. Formation of the solar systemnebula theory, protoplanetary disk, planetesimals, protoplanets7. Solar systemthe sun, planets, moons, asteroids, comets8. formation of the moona small planet collides with the earth9. Earth magnetic fielddipole, protection from the solar system10.atmostpherenitrogen and oxygen, 99% within 50kn, high pressure at low elevation11. surface70% water, 30% land, topography, bathymetry12. Earths internal layerscrust, mantle, and core based on compositionlithosphere and asthenosphere based on the ability of flow13.plate tectonicscontentantal driftthe fit to the continentslocations of past glaciationsthe distribution of climate beltsthe distribution of fossilsmatching geologic unis14. paleomagnetismmagnetic inclination, magnetic declination, paleopole15. sea floorabyssal plains, mid-ocean rides, fracture zones, trenches, seamounts16. sea floor spreadingsediments thickness, heat flow, crust compesition, earthquakesnew sea floor at mid ocean ridges and old one at trenchesmarine magnetic anomalies17. lithosphereconteinental lithosphere, oceanic lithosphere18. plate boundariesearthquake locationsdivergent, convergent, and transform plate boundarymidocean ridges, subduction zones, volcanic arcs, transform faults19. hot spotsinterior of plateshot spot tracks20. contental rift and collision21. driving forceride-push force, slab-pull force22. plate movement: GPS, hot spot tracks, paleomagnetism23. Mineraldefinitionnaturally occurringsolidcrystalline structuredefinable chemical compositioninorganic24. crystalcrystal phace, crystal phace angle, crystal structure, polymorph25.formation of mineral crystalssolidification of a meltprecipitation from a solutiondiffusion in solidsbiomineralizationprecipitation from a gas26. physical properties of mineralscolor, streak, luster, hardness, specific gravity, crystal habit, cleavage, specific properties27. mineral composition and classessilicates, silicon-oxygen tetrahedron28. rock definitionnaturally occurringcoherentan aggregate of minerals or glasses29. magma formationmelting due to a decrese in pressure ( decompressions)melting due to an addition of violatilesmelting due to heat transferred from rising magma30. Composition magma classesfelsic, intermediate, mafic, ultramafic31. different compostionssource rock compositionpartial meltingassimilationsmagma mixing32. rising magmahot and less densepressure by overlying rock33. viscositytemperature( hotter magma, less viscous)volatile content ( more v, less v)silica content ( mafic magma, less v)34. intrusive igneous settingsdikes, sills, pluton35. lavahigh silica (felsic) more viscous and hard to flow, steep lava domelow silic ( mafic) less viscous and easy to flow, gentle shield volcano36.productspahoehoe and a’a’coloumnar jointing, pillow lovalava foundation lapilli, bombpyroclastic flow, volcanic ash, laharvolcanic gas, vesicles37.shape of volcanocrater eruption and fissure eruptioncalderasshield volocano, cinder cone, stratovolocano38. eruption stylesviscousity and gas contenteffusion: low viscosity low gas pressure lava flow shield volcanoexplosion: high v high gas pressure pyroclastic debris cinder cone, stratovolcano39. in the context of plate tectonicssubduction zonecontential rifthot spotsmid ocean ridges40. predicting eruptionsearthquake activitychanges in heat flowchanges in shapeincreases in gas emission and steam1. according to the scientific method, observation occurs prior to developing a hypothesistrue2. the big bang theory states that:all matter in the universe was once confined to a single point3. the density of the mantle is greater than that of the corefalse4. asthenosphere lies directly below the crustfalse5. within the sea floor, the rate of heat flow is greatest _______along mid-ocean ridges6. the age of oceanic crust decreases with increasing distance from a mid-ocean ridgefalse7. marine magnetic anomalies result from sea-floor spreading in conjunction with ______magnetic polarity reversals8. tectonic plates might consist of _______oceanic or continental lithosphere or a combination of both9. the point 1 and 2 are on the _____ platesame10. point 1 is _______ then point twoyounger11. natural glass is not considered a mineral because it ________does not have a fixed crystalline structure12. the color of a mineral in powdered for is termed _____streak13. the most abundant element in the contintental crust isoxygen14. brick is a rockfalse15. if a body of magma has more silica, its viscosity will decrease.False16. when rock is partially melted, the chemistry of the melt is _____more felsic than the original chemistry of the rock that was partially melted17. which of the following is NOT a way magma changes compostition?Rapid cooling18. eruption styles ( effusive or explosive) are influenced by ____viscosity of the lava, the compostion and the amount of volatiles19. gabbro forms on or near the surface.False20. rhyolite flows slower than basalttruereview for geology test 09/17/20131. Earth system-The global interconnecting web of physical and biological phenomena-Lithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere2. Scientific Method-a sequence of steps for systematically analyzing scientific problems in a way that leads to verifiable results3. Stars and galaxies4. Doppler Effect-Red shift: the universe is expanding5. Formation of the universe-big bang, expanding the universe theory6. Formation of the solar system-nebula theory, protoplanetary disk, planetesimals, protoplanets7. Solar system-the sun, planets, moons, asteroids, comets8. formation of the moon-a small planet collides with the earth9. Earth magnetic field-dipole, protection from the solar system10.atmostphere-nitrogen and oxygen, 99% within 50kn, high pressure at low elevation11. surface-70% water, 30% land, topography, bathymetry12. Earths internal layers-crust, mantle, and core based on composition-lithosphere and asthenosphere based on the ability of flow13.plate tectonics-contentantal driftothe fit to the continentsolocations of past