PLP 150C1 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. Alexander FlemingA. PenicillinII. Other fungal drugsA. AntibioticsB. ImmunosuppressantC. AntifungalOutline of Current Lecture I. PrototaxitesII. Disease due to fungiA. HistoplasmosisB. BlastomycosisC. CoccidioidomycosisIII. Skin infectionsA. CandidaB. Subcutaneous & invasive mycosesCurrent LecturePrototaxites represent one of the oldest life forms on this planet• Genetic analysis has shown fungi to have evolved always one and a half billion years ago from marine animals, rather than just marine plants.• Made of motile cell and flagellum• Used in architecture• Decomposing plasticsCommon & uncommon disease of humans due to fungi• Infections of the respiratory tract• Infections of the skin◦ Superficial and cutaneous mycosis• Deep mycoses◦ Subcutaneous• Infections of the eye• Allergies & asthmaHistoplasmosis is an infection transmitted by airborne spores that you breathe in when youwork around soil• Affects your lungs• May spread to tissues outside the lungs, though• Farmers, landscapers, construction workers• Most don’t see symptoms, but for infants or those with bad immunes systems, it can be reallyserious. Treatments are available even if it’s severe.Blastomycosis is a rare fungal infection because by an ascomycete• Is endemic in the Mississippi River and Ohio River basins• Less than 1 case per 100k people, per year• Frequently affects hunting dogs (sniffing the ground)• Because by inhalation of the fungus• Incubation period is 30-100 days, although the infection can be asymptomatic.Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) is because by an ascomycete, too.• It’s an endemic in certain desert soils• Southwest. Arizona, CA, Nevada, Texas, New Mexico.• The disease is usually mild• Flu-like symptoms and rashes• Rodent cadavers spread itSkin infections • Ringworm, Athlete’s foot, Jock itch, etc.Candida is healthy to have on us. It keeps other things in check.• Humans and other animals, especially in immunocompromised patients.• Many candida species are members of gut flora animals.Subcutaneous and invasive mycoses• Really rare and hard to treat• Generally infecting people with compromised immune systems• People with AIDS, transplant patients,
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