PLP 150C1 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture I. What is fungus?II. Decompositiona. Cell wallsIII. HistoryIV. TaxonomyV. CharacteristicsVI. More characteristics and reviewVII. Sporesa. Reproductionb. Sexual and asexualc. Teleomorph vs anamorphd. Parts of the mushroom diagramCurrent Lecture:More fungal characteristicsI. For most of their lives, most fungi are haploid (only one copy in nucleus)II. Fungal cell walls are composed mostly of chitinIII. Typically non-motile, with the exception of chytrids, which have flagellaIV. Have a unique sterol, ergosterol, which replaces cholesterol in mammalian membranes.V. Stores sugar/food as glycogenVI. Lysine biosynthesis pathway in fungi is different.What is a fungus?Achlorophylus, typically filamentous, reproduce via spores. etc etc etc, haploid.You can map morphology/morphological changes on a family tree based upon genetics.Reproduction by Spores• Many produce asexually (mitosis). They’re called conidia. All fungal groups have them, but not all species do.• Zygomycetes make sporangia filled with sporangiosporesVII. Ascomycetes are the champions of conidia productions. Not common among basidiomycetes.VIII. Most are born “naked”, not in specialized structuresIX. Many fungi also make sexual spores, often born in specialized structures, most ofthese are macroscopic. a. Zygomycetes produce zygospores.b. Ascomycetes produce ascospores.c. In a specialized sac called an ascus, which are either born naked or ina fertile layer called a hymenium. d. Spores are forcibly discharged.Teleomorph vs AnamorphAnamorph is the asexual stageTeleomorph is the sexual stage• SAME FUNGUS, different in different seasons. This results in a dual system of nomenclature. So which is the phylogenetically correct name? Teleomorph is, because it’s most common.Ascocarp diversity is not quite as great as basidiocarp diversity• Basidiomycetes produce basidiosporesBorn on structures called basidia which are born either naked or on hymenium, which is born on gills, pores and teeth.*Parts of a
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