ATOC 1060 1st EditionBased on chapter 4 Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. Climate sensitivity & Climate FeedbackII. Atmospheric Circulation and Hadley CellOutline of Current Lecture I. Guest speaker- Infrared WavelengthsII. Global Atmospheric CirculationIII. Hadley CirculationIV. Coriolis effectCurrent LectureI. Guest Speaker- Infrared LightSky Watch- down welling atmospheric radiation (Instrument)-sees invisible wavelength-Sensitive to physical and infrared light-PyranometerPyranometer-measurement down welling solar radiation- wavelength range from 310Down welling infrared-wavelength range 4500nm-42000nm- light at night is from clouds- sky is emitting light at night 300 watts per meters squaredWhy is earth warner than predicted?Sun is an energy source as well as the skyInfrared camera anything that has a temperature it emits light- infrared For example: Humans are light bulbs we emit lightThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.More infrared light warmer- red Less infrared light colder-blue/blackHow does it interact with the atmosphere?If it’s a good absorber it’s a good emitter70% nitrogen in atmosphereHigher temperature amount of energy produce is increasedII. Global Atmospheric Circulation Temp and precipitation patterns including seasonality circulations arising from heat capacity differences between land and water (Ex: Why is it colder in the winter and warmer in the summer?)Two concepts for Air Motion1. Hot air rises cold air sinks2. Air moves from high pressure to Low pressureIdeal gas law explains this.III. Hadley CirculationHadley Cell- Simple one-cell model of atmospheric circulation: Air rises at the warm tropics, travels at upper levels toward the poles, sinks at the poles, and then returns at surface levels back to the tropics. Which sentence about the Hadley Circulation is false?A) HC is driven by differential solar heating of tropics and polar regionsB) HC causes rising motion in the tropicsC) HC causes air at upper levels to move from poles to tropicsIt’s an analogy of how circulation works on earthHadley Circulation helps explain tropical precipitation- Around equator is a belt of rainfall= Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)- That’s where you get the largest precipitation on planet- Rain near equator where warm air rises- Latent heat release enhances rising - ITCZ is more pronounced over Pacific OceanHC helps explain locations of desert- Subsidence dries out the atmosphere- Deserts in Sup tropics where warm air sinks- Subsidence destroys cloudsHadley Circulation Explains Cloud Amounts- Sees through clouds HC from perspective of a cloud- You can see a rising motion and sinking motion- Rising = more cloud cover- Sinking = more substance - Average outgoing long wave radiation- Subtropics heat is lost- It breaks down when you go to the mid and high latitude cannot be explainedPolar Front ZoneCold air from poles Sinks/ moves towards equatorHot air from tropics/move pole ward Hot and cold airs do not mix easily forming stormsSurface winds given air moves from high pressure to low pressure Wind comes from California West to ColoradoPressure fields Deflection due to Coriolis EffectIV. Coriolis EffectCoriolis Effect: The earths counter clockwise rotation causes air to be deflected from straight path into our frame of referenceWinds deflected to the right in Northern Hemisphere and left in Southern HemisphereCaused by rotation not related to pressure If you look down from space you wont see its rotation An airplane is travelling North from San Francisco to Seattle, the pilot turns on auto pilot, forgets about Coriolis Effect and falls asleep. Where is the plane likely to land?1. East of Seattle 2. Seattle 3. In the Pacific Ocean4.