CJS 101 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture II. Chapter 1 A. Jones RoleB. Atkins RoleC. Nesbitt RoleIII. Chapter 2A. SummaryB. CourtsC. WitnessesOutline of Current Lecture V. Key elements of American policingA. Frankplege systemB. Sherif Vl. American colonial era of policing A. Constable watch systemVll. First modern policeA. Mandates of metropolitan police actB. Peels 9 principlesC. First modern American policeD. Political era 1840-1920E. Professionalization movementA. six elements of professional policingCurrent LecturePOLICINGThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Key elements of American policing evolved from English tradition: limited authority, local control, fragmented organizationEarly English police: Frankpledge system-families banded together for protection-tithing-10 families, 10 tithings= hundreds, hundreds came known as “parishes”, several parishes became known as “shire”, shire evolved into couties-raise the “hue and cry”Sherif: 12th century-king appointed sherifs to levy fines and make sure frankpledge system workedConstable-watch system-constable supervised tithings-criminal investigations, supervised night watch- served summonses and warrants-took charge of prisonersAmerican colonial era of policing: used office of constable, sherif, and night watchman, watch system, slave patrols, militia usedFirst modern police:-london; Sir Robert Peel-metropolitan police act of 1829 (created large force of officers “bobbies”)- London police introduce elements of modern police (misson, strategy, organizational structure)Mandates of metropolitan police act: prevent crime without using repressive force, maintain public order, reduce conflict with the public, efficiencyPeels 9 principles: what metropolitan police strived forFirst modern American police:-boston: first urban city to develop police force-new york; first police department with a day and night shif-did not wear uniforms but had a hat and badge-did not carry firearms-officers hired based on who they knew-built on London model (emphasis on prevention more than apprehension, preventions accomplished by dispersing police)-dominated by local politicsPolitcal Era: 1840-1920-notorious for brutality, corruption and ineptness-police did little to efectively prevent crime or provide services-NY Police war of 1857-democrats controlled NYC, republicans controlled the state- municipal police replaced by metropolitan police-clash at city hall-connections determined who got hired-police serves as enforcement arm of reigning political power (protect private property, control immigrant populations)- relatively high payer job for the time-politics determined who got hired- connections determined who go fired -police work was primitive (cleaned streets, cared for homeless)- citizens hated urban police (seen as political hacks, abuse by street gangs, police brutality)-early technology advances-policing on frontierRise of professional model:-attempts at reform of police come slowly- teddy r. tried to reform NYPD as police commissioner, but failed-international association of chiefs of police formed in 1893-august vollmer; reform agenda included higher education, crime labs, female police officersProfessionalization Movement-reformers sought to define policing as a profession-sought to eliminate the influence of politics on policing- argued for hiring qualified police chiefs-tried to raise standards for patrol officers- applied modern management principles- create specialized units like traffic-techonological advances (automobile, telecommunicatons)- public concern about police corruption led to reform eforts (local, state and federal crime commission)-expert officers-autonomous self-ruling departments-no external political influence- administrative efficiency-impartial, uniform enforcement of lawSix elements of professional policing-stay out of politics-members should be wel trained disciplined and tightly organized-laws should be equally enforced-forces should use new technology-personal procedures should be base on merit-the main task of policing is crime