CJS 101 1st Edition Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture l. Correctionsll. JailsA. HistoryLll. PrisonsA. minimum B. medium C. MaximumD. Super-maxOutline of Current Lecture l. Deterrence theoryll. Factors that effective treatment programs addresslll. Reducing negative peer associationsllll. Principles of effective intervention’A. Effective/ineffective programsCurrent LectureReducing recidivismDeterrence theory: aware of the sanction, perceive it as unpleasant, weight the costs and benefits, assess the risk and make a rational choiceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Most street level offenders are impulsive(disorganized)Incapacitation: stronger with some type of offenders(bank robbers—no effect with drug dealers/users) high cost for low pay off, effects are more short termDoes punishment reduce recidivism? No, little evidence that punishment by itself reduces recidivism and often increases itPeople who appear to be resistant to punishment: psychopathic risk takers, drug users, those with history of being punishedWithout human intervention or services, not likely to have much effect on recidivism from punishment aloneEvidence also indicates that while treatment is more effective in reducing recidivism than punishment, not all treatment programs are equally effectiveBehavioral reduces recidivism more than non-behavioral treatmentRisk: refers to risk of re-offendingRecidivism rates are compared over a standard and specified follow up periodFactors that effective treatment programs address:1. Anti- Social/Pro-‐ criminal‐ attitudes, beliefs, values, cognitive-emotional states (rage, anger, deviance, criminal identity) 2. Pro-criminal associates: What people think, not how people think; they comprise the content of the thought, not the skills of thinking. Offenders often try to neutralize their behavior(denial of responsibility, denial of injury, blame the victim). Hang out with people who think criminal behavior is okay3. Anti-social personality/temperament: weak socialization, impulsivity, adventurous, pleasure seeking, egocentrism, taste for risk4. Anti-social behaviors: evident at young age, in variety of settings, involving a number of different acts5. Family factors: low levels of affection, poor parental supervision and discipline practices, neglect and abuse6. Lack of educational/vocational/ financial achievement:7. Lack of pro-social leisure activities:8. Alchol and substance abuse:Reducing negative peer association: restrict associates, set and enforce curfews, ban hangouts, practice new skills, teach how to maintain relationships without getting in troublePrinciples of effective intervention:-Risk principle: Target high risk offenders (WHO), provide most intensive treatment to higher risk offenders-Need principle: target criminogenic risk/ need factors (WHAT), Criminogenic (anti social attitudes, anti social friends, substance abuse, lack of empathy, impulsive behavior) Non- crimninogenic (anxiety, low self esteem, creative abilities, medical needs, physical condioning)-Treatment principle: use behavioral approaches (HOW), most effective treatment are behavioral, focus on current factors that influence behavior, action oriented, offender behavior is appropriately reinforced. Most effective behavioral programs: structured social learning where new skills and behaviors are modeled, cognitive behavioral approaches that target criminogenic risk factors, family based approaches that train family-Fidelity principle: implement program as designed (HOW WELL)Effective programs need to tie risk and need togetherIneffective programs: shaming offenders, drug education programs, talking cures, self-help programs, medical