POLS 206 Lecture 7 Outline of Previous Lecture I 2 7 Amending the Constitution II 2 8 Understanding the Constitution III 3 1 Defining Federalism IV 3 2 Constitutional Basis of Federalism Outline of Current Lecture I 3 3 Intergovernmental Relations II 3 4 Diversity in Policy III 3 5 Understanding Federalism IV 4 1 Americas Population Lecture I 3 3 Intergovernmental Relations a From Dual to Cooperative Federalism i Dual 1 Separate spheres of authority 2 Layer cake a Very easy to tell where federal government ends and state government begins 3 Interpret federal power narrowly ii Cooperative started in 1930 s during Great Depression by FDR 1 Shared costs a Ex 40 of Texas budget is from the national government 2 Federal guidelines 3 Shared administration 4 Marble Cake a Hard to tell where one government ends and the other begins b Fiscal Federalism i Money is cornerstone of relationship ii Loans to state and local governments 1 Most go to health c Devolution i Devolving power from federal government back to state and local government ii Do this in the form of grants 1 Federal grants in aid a Federal government giving money to the states that does not have to be paid back b Many have strings attached and are know as Categorical grants i May have restrictions on what the money can be used for c Block Grants i State has discretion with these grants 2 Federal uses money as leverage to get states to do what they want them to do a Leads to fiscal federalism sometimes being called coercive federalism 3 Mandates a Underfunded i Federal government says states have to do something but don t pay for all of it b Unfunded i Federal government says states have to do something but don t pay for it at all ii Ex Americans with Disabilities Act No Child Left Behind and Affordable Care Act II III 3 4 Diversity in Policy a Diversity in public opinion reflected b Policy innovation facilitated c Diversity has its downside 3 5 Understanding Federalism a Federalism and Democracy i Many ways to get involved and affect the government ii Make it hard for one party to dominate at every level 1 Allows parties to keep power even if one dominates at one level b Federalism and the Scope of the National Government i Despite all of the federal governments money and power the states are vital to the federal system Chapter 4 Civil Liberties and Public Policy IV Civil Liberties individual rights protecting from arbitrary government action come from Constitution where as civil rights do not 4 1 Americas Population a Bill of Rights Then and Now i Then Bill of Rights did not apply to the states and did not do much ii Barren v Baltimore 1 Had damages to property without just compensation 2 Outcome Bill of Rights did not apply to the states Barren could seek no relief because the Bill of Rights did not apply to the City of Baltimore iii Incorporation Doctrine 1 Incorporation of the Bill of Rights into the states 2 14th Amendment arguably the most important amendment in the constitution b Bill of Rights and the States
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