POLS 206 Lecture 7 Outline of Previous LectureI. 2.7: Amending the ConstitutionII. 2.8: Understanding the ConstitutionIII. 3.1: Defining FederalismIV. 3.2: Constitutional Basis of FederalismOutline of Current LectureI. 3.3: Intergovernmental RelationsII. 3.4: Diversity in PolicyIII. 3.5: Understanding FederalismIV. 4.1: Americas PopulationLectureI. 3.3: Intergovernmental Relationsa. From Dual to Cooperative Federalismi. Dual1. Separate spheres of authority2. Layer cakea. Very easy to tell where federal government ends and state government begins 3. Interpret federal power narrowlyii. Cooperative - started in 1930's during Great Depression by FDR1. Shared costsa. Ex. 40% of Texas' budget is from the national government 2. Federal guidelines 3. Shared administration4. Marble Cake a. Hard to tell where one government ends and the other begins b. Fiscal Federalismi. Money is cornerstone of relationship ii. Loans to state and local governments1. Most go to health c. Devolution?i. Devolving power from federal government back to state and local government ii. Do this in the form of grants 1. Federal-grants-in-aida. Federal government giving money to the states that does nothave to be paid backb. Many have strings attached and are know as Categorical grantsi. May have restrictions on what the money can be used for c. Block Grantsi. State has discretion with these grants 2. Federal uses money as leverage to get states to do what they want them to doa. Leads to fiscal federalism sometimes being called coercive federalism3. Mandatesa. Underfundedi. Federal government says states have to do somethingbut don’t pay for all of itb. Unfundedi. Federal government says states have to do somethingbut don’t pay for it at allii. Ex. Americans with Disabilities Act, No Child Left Behind, and Affordable Care Act II. 3.4: Diversity in Policya. Diversity in public opinion reflected b. Policy innovation facilitated c. Diversity has its downside III. 3.5: Understanding Federalisma. Federalism and Democracyi. Many ways to get involved and affect the government ii. Make it hard for one party to dominate at every level 1. Allows parties to keep power even if one dominates at one level b. Federalism and the Scope of the National Government i. Despite all of the federal governments money and power, the states are vitalto the federal system Chapter 4: Civil Liberties and Public PolicyCivil Liberties - individual rights protecting from arbitrary government action (come from Constitution where as civil rights do not)IV. 4.1: Americas Populationa. Bill of Rights - Then and Now i. Then - Bill of Rights did not apply to the states and did not do much ii. Barren v. Baltimore 1. Had damages to property without just compensation2. Outcome: Bill of Rights did not apply to the states, Barren could seek no relief because the Bill of Rights did not apply to the City of Baltimoreiii. Incorporation Doctrine1. Incorporation of the Bill of Rights into the states 2. 14th Amendment – arguably the most important amendment in the constitution b.Bill of Rights and the
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