POLS 206 1st Edition Final Exam Study Guide Review Who controls all appropriations when it comes to the budget What has been America s foreign policy for the majority of our history o Isolationism Guns vs Butter o Military spending vs domestic spending When it comes to welfare where does the US rank o What does it provide in comparison Transfer payment benefits given by the government directly to individuals With defense and foreign policy what are the powers and what are not the powers of Congress Containment doctrine o Who composed it what it did and other history Know different types of taxation systems o Progressive income goes up so does percentage of taxes o Regressive income goes up taxes go down o Proportional everyone pays the same percentage Sales tax is technically proportional but regressive in nature Incrementalism in regard to budget o Last years budget is best predictor for this years budget take last years and add a little to it International economic policy o Today less tariffs and freer trade Know committees that write tax code o House ways and means committee o Senate finance committee Powers the permanent members of the UN security council Powers of the president as it relates to chief diplomat What does the Office of Management and Budget do as it relates to the budget History behind the policy of brinksmanship Uncontrollable expenditures expenditures that are determined by how Social welfare policies definition Budget deficit when expenditures exceed revenue Military industrial complex characterizes the relationship between the military and the defense industry Who the nations top diplomats are o Top diplomat president o Next secretary of state Income distribution the way the national income is divided into shares Budget reconciliation congressional process through which program authorizations are revised to achieve required savings Detent definition Entitlement programs and means tested programs o Entitlement qualify by a criteria get regardless of need o Means tested based on need What do Medicaid and Medicare actually do Why do we have an income tax o How did we get it 16th Amendment Why do we have a national debt o We spend more than we take in How does the government manipulate our income o Taxes and spending Budget process o Complex Diplomacy definition Congressional budget and control act of 1974 o What does it do What is the smallest source of federal government revenue o Corporate taxes excise taxes What is the largest source o Individual income tax Poverty line the income threshold below which people are considered poor What is the major job of the secretary of defense Big stages of budget process CBO OMB o Authorizations o Appropriations Interdependence definition international relations Why members of congress would support increased military spending Foreign policy chapter
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