POLS 206 1st EditionFinal Exam Study GuideReview -Who controls all appropriations when it comes to the budget?-What has been America's foreign policy for the majority of our history?oIsolationism -Guns vs Butter oMilitary spending vs domestic spending-When it comes to welfare, where does the US rank? oWhat does it provide in comparison-Transfer payment - benefits given by the government directly to individuals-With defense and foreign policy, what are the powers and what are not the powers of Congress?-Containment doctrineoWho composed it, what it did, and other history -Know different types of taxation systemsoProgressive - income goes up so does percentage of taxes oRegressive - income goes up, taxes go down oProportional - everyone pays the same percentage -Sales tax is technically proportional but regressive in nature -Incrementalism in regard to budget oLast years budget is best predictor for this years budget, take last years and add a little to it -International economic policy oToday, less tariffs and freer trade -Know committees that write tax codeoHouse ways and means committee oSenate finance committee -Powers the permanent members of the UN security council-Powers of the president as it relates to chief diplomat -What does the Office of Management and Budget do as it relates to the budget?-History behind the policy of brinksmanship-Uncontrollable expenditures - expenditures that are determined by how -Social welfare policies - definition -Budget deficit - when expenditures exceed revenue -Military industrial complex - characterizes the relationship between the military and the defense industry-Who the nations top diplomats areoTop diplomat - president oNext - secretary of state -Income distribution - the way the national income is divided into shares-Budget reconciliation - congressional process through which program authorizations are revised to achieve required savings -Detenté - definition -Entitlement programs and means tested programs oEntitlement - qualify by a criteria, get regardless of need oMeans tested - based on need -What do Medicaid and Medicare actually do? -Why do we have an income tax? oHow did we get it? 16th Amendment -Why do we have a national debt? oWe spend more than we take in -How does the government manipulate our income? oTaxes and spending -Budget processoComplex -Diplomacy - definition -Congressional budget and control act of 1974oWhat does it do?-What is the smallest source of federal government revenue?oCorporate taxes/excise taxes -What is the largest source? oIndividual income tax-Poverty line - the income threshold below which people are considered poor -What is the major job of the secretary of defense? -Big stages of budget process - CBO, OMB oAuthorizations oAppropriations -Interdependence - definition (international relations)-Why members of congress would support increased military spending? Foreign policy
View Full Document
Unlocking...