PSYCH 333 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Previous Lecture I Quiz 3 Chapter 3 4 Outline of Current Lecture I II III IV V VI Anxiety Fear and Panic Biological Contributions Psychological Contributions Social Contributions Comorbidity of Anxiety and Related Disorders Anxiety Disorders Current Lecture Anxiety Fear and Panic Anxiety negative affect somatic symptoms of tension future oriented feelings that one cannot predict or control upcoming events Fear negative affect strong sympathetic nervous system arousal immediate alarm reaction characterized by strong escapist tendencies in response to present danger or life threatening emergencies Anxiety and fear often cause panic attacks they usually occur during inappropriate times Expected panic when you put yourself in a situation that would arouse those feelings ex Skydiving or cliff jumping Unexpected panic occurs during daily life routines or while sleeping people often think they are having a heart attack or serious health issue people who have experienced this often develop anxiety disorder for fear that it will occur again Panic attack abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes Biological Contributions Increased physiological vulnerability Polygenetic influences Corticotropin releasing factors CRF These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Brain circuits and neurotransmitters includes GABA Noradrenergic Serotonergic systems CRF and the HPAC axis Limbic System Behavioral inhibition system BIS includes brain stem Septal hippocampal system amygdala Fight Flight FFS system panic circuit alarm and escape response Brain circuits are shaped by environment have an interactive relationship with somatic symptoms Psychological Contributions Freud Anxiety is the psychic reaction to danger Reactivation of infantile fear situation Behaviorists believe that classical and operant conditioning or modeling of certain behaviors can influence one s likelihood of developing anxiety or panic disorders Social Contributions Triple Vulnerability Generalized biological vulnerability Diathesis Generalized Psychological vulnerability beliefs perceptions Specific psychological vulnerability learning modeling Biological vulnerabilities triggered by stressful Family interpersonal occupational educational stressors most common heritable contribution to negative affect Glass is half empty Specific Psychological vulnerability e g physical sensations are potentially dangerous anxiety panic about health and potential danger Generalized Psychological Vulnerability sense that events are uncontrollable or unpredictable tendency towards lack of self confidence low self esteem inability to cope Comorbidity of Anxiety and Related Disorders High rates of comorbidity 55 76 Commonalities features and vulnerabilities Anxiety often links with physical disorders Suicide approximately 20 of people with anxiety and depression attempt suicide Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD Clinical description shift in thought from possible crisis to possible crisis worry about minor or everyday concerns issues with sleeping GAD in children need only one physical symptom to be diagnosed worry about academic social and athletic performance Similar diagnostic rates worldwide approximately 3 1 diagnosed every year 5 7 diagnosed within a lifetime insidious onset early adulthood usually chronic GAD in the elderly worry about failing health and loss 10 prevalence 17 50 of cases involve use of minor tranquilizers for medical sleep problems