KIN 430 Biomechanics Learning Management System Lead Instructor Dr Brian Umberger Office 107 Totman Building Email umberger kin umass edu Moodle http moodle umass edu Graduate Teaching Assistants Mr Ryan Wedge Mr Russell Johnson Office Rm 21 Totman Bld Rm 21 Totman Bld Email rwedge kin umass edu russellj kin umass edu course name KIN430 SEC01 FA14 Copyright 2014 Brian R Umberger Ph D University of Massachusetts Amherst What is Biomechanics Some common definitions The study of forces and motion in biological systems The application of mechanical principles in the study of living organisms The science concerned with internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by those forces What is Kinesiology The science and practice of human movement Includes biomechanics exercise physiology motor behavior exercise psychology athletic training physical activity and health etc What about Sports Medicine A broad term that encompasses all clinical and scientific aspects of sports and exercise 1 Biomechanics Biomechanics The bio part The mechanics part Biology Organismal Biology Anatomy Physiology Gross Anatomy Systems Physiology Physics Other areas of biology When did biomechanics start Ancient Greeks Plato Aristotle first considered scientific aspects of human movement 300 400 BC Mechanics Statics Dynamics Kinematics Kinetics When did biomechanics start Etienne Marey 1838 1904 Galen developed scientific approach to anatomy became first sports medicine doctor attending to the Roman gladiators 200 AD Borelli more fully integrated physiology and mechanics published De Motu Animalium The Movement of Animals mid 1600 s Other areas of physics Marey Muybridge developed modern motion analysis by using sequential multiple exposure photography Marey was the true scientist of the two but Muybridge is better known for his incredible collection of photographs of humans other animals in motion Edweard Muybridge 1830 1904 Newton formalized laws of mechanics that govern motion of the human body and most other things late 1600 s 2 Why Study Biomechanics Better understand how the body functions Biomechanics Applications Analysis of sports performance Sports injury mechanisms Address issues related to human health and performance Important knowledge for Kinesiologists Movement Scientists Athletic Trainers Physical Therapists Exercise Instructors Personal Trainers Coaches Sports Scientists Biomedical Engineers Orthopedic Surgeons Biomechanics Applications Gait analysis Orthopaedics Biomechanics at UMass Biomechanics Laboratory Current Research Equipment design Forensic biomechanics Equine Biomechanics Changes in gait mechanics with aging or injury Muscle mechanics and postural control Energetic aspects of human locomotion Computer simulation of human movement 3 Dimensions and Units In biomechanics we deal with three basic quantities mass length and time and several derived quantities Quantity mass length time Dimension M L T Forms of Motion Linear Angular General Unit SI system kilogram meter second Derived quantities two examples force M L T 2 work L2 M T 2 newton 1N 1 kg m s2 joule 1 J 1 N m Linear Motion Translation Linear Motion Translation Movement of a body such that all parts of it travel exactly the same distance in the same direction in the same time Rectilinear motion 4 Linear Motion Translation Angular Motion Rotation Movement of a body along a circular path about a line is space such that all parts of the body travel through the same angle in the same direction in the same time This line which may or may not pass through the body itself is known as the axis of rotation and lies at right angles to the plane of motion of the body Curvilinear Motion Angular Motion Angular vs Curvilinear Motion Angular Motion Curvilinear Motion P1 P2 P1 P3 P2 P3 lines are different lengths lines are the same length 5 Basic Kinetic Concepts General Motion Combined linear and angular motion Most human activities involve both linear and angular movement and are thus forms of general motion Statics study of forces acting on a body at rest velocity is zero in uniform motion velocity is constant but not zero uncommon in human movement Dynamics study of bodies in motion kinematics description of motion independent of the cause kinetics the actual causes of motion Basic Kinetic Concepts Basic Kinetic Concepts Inertia the property of a body causing a resistance to change in state of motion Center of Mass Center of Gravity Mass the quantity of matter making up an object measure of resistance to change in linear motion Not the same as weight Force a push or pull on a body tending to change the motion of the body Note direct contact is not required for a force to cause acceleration e g gravity or magnetic force Imaginary point about which all the mass weight of a body is distributed In human body approximately at the level of the navel top to bottom and midway front to back Weight Attractive force that the Earth applies to a body Equal to the mass of a body in kg times the acceleration due to gravity 9 81 m s2 W mg 6 Representing Vectors Things to do Vector quantities such as forces are represented graphically using arrows F1 Get textbook if you haven t already F2 F1 F2 Read Chapter 1 in Hamill Do Units reading on moodle Start Chapter 8 in Hamill F3 Length of the arrow denotes the magnitude of the vector Orientation of the arrow denotes the direction of the vector Print out and read handout for first lab on moodle These notes are to be used only as a study aid in conjunction with the course KIN 430 Biomechanics at the University of Massachusetts Amherst These notes may contain images or other material that are covered by national and or international copyright law Reproduction and redistribution in any form is forbidden 7