Atm Ocn 100 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I Main cloud types II Cloud identifications III Beginning of atmosphere composition Outline of Current Lecture IV Weather Notes V Composition of Atmosphere VI Temperature VII Density VIII Pressure Current Lecture First homework due a week from Friday Website of the Day http tropic ssec wisc edu website from last class we are just looking at this for a minute Back to cyclone website Now there are way more tropical storms They are numbering them now One example is Tropical storm 15 Investigation areas where they are watching for tropical storms Now in the Atlantic there could be more tropical cyclones Patches of cloudiness made in vest areas see a little bit of circulation in them And when there is circulation in clouds they investigate them http cup aos wisc edu Professor Tripooili s model web site Here is today s website This is a National weather service model run in Washington In Washington there is the national center for weather prediction This model is a prediction of the entire earth s service The model is from pole to pole 360 degrees around This is the whole thing It runs with a special kind of model we won t get into today It runs at resolution that isn t extremely high Not a lot of detail that some local models can They also run local model over America called the North American Model NAM The title of today is 12 UTC NAM The NAM run can do 2 of them every forecasting period The GFS even though it is a global model the resolution may not be quite as high as NAM it seems to be a better model Could be better because global not just regional mode The model run here by Tripoli displays things he wants to see There are variables that we want to see Display shows cloudiness shadiness Shows where it is actively raining And it shows amount of heaviness of rain coming down Models always based on universal time code which is Zulu time Which is the time in England at the dateline UTC Universal time code They are ahead of us in time Timeline goes around Earth in a clockwise direction goes from East to West They are exactly 5 hours ahead of us Our time at 7 am add 5 hours to it and you get their time Daylight savings time we have to add 6 hours Right now before we go back to standard time it is a 5 hour difference One time is 0 UTC that would be midnight in England There are weather observations at that time Models start then The next time would be 6 UTC Here in Madison that would 1 am Next time is 12 UTC which is noon there 7 am here in Madison 18 UTC which is 1 pm in Madison At each of those times weather balloons are sent up at one or two times a day 0 and 12 UTC Observations are then made At 7 am they launched a balloon They launch them at a bunch of different places in United States Also there are observations on temperature all day long And then other observations besides just the balloons One main thing that happens at those times they do very detailed analysis Models in Washington have to run Run big model schemes that produce initial condition then ready for us to start using by about 9 30 for the am model which is first GFS model which is global takes longer We achieve initial condition and forecast by 9 30 am We run our model that can finish in about two hours This model here started at 9 30 am finishes at 11 30 Last GFS forecast 6z old way of saying UTC All the different times are shown The 0 times where model starts is here This is the initial time The 6 hour forecast based on data from last night We are looking at forecast using GFS This model doesn t go around the whole world we have to make it look like GFS boundaries determined by the GFS Shows us that there are fairly strong rains around us There were heavy rains around us that we didn t get as much as everyone else Rained a lot more north and south of us then here Iso bars are green hypto pastels used on weather maps Showing pressure lines can see trough of pressure Lines show low pressure dipping down in the middle of the picture Highest pressure coming in way up in northwest Very high pressure for this time of year The blue s and magenta are the snow areas In mountains some snow mostly rain around of us But a little snow in some places Red lines on the map are temperature in Fahrenheit Predicted temperatures for 7 AM this morning 70 region for us In Oklahoma temperature up in 90s at 7AM In Florida around 80 degrees Now forecast for 1 PM today This model shows some clouds getting drier Warm air is now being pushed up Cold air is coming in though It is only 52 degrees in Kansas Some cold air is coming down here for being in the middle of the afternoon This is quite a stunning outbreak for this time of year This model shows every 6 hours The 48 isotherm is passing through Duluth For this time of year this is pretty cold Colder temperatures in mountains in Colorado Forecasted to get very strong winds tonight in Madison There will be cold air where ground is warm The warm ground tries to heat the air causes situation where air may try to overturn When we get clouds that form eventually the warm will give up and clear out and be cold There will be a number of clouds from cold air mass moving over us Midday tomorrow will be 56 degrees for us It will be the coolest day for us in a while It looks like there may be snow in Montana Strong upslope in Colorado there will be a lot of rain there in 48 hours They may even see a few flakes with this On this course resolution now down to finest resolution The slopes of Rocky s will move air enough to low 30s they may see flakes in Denver and Fort Collins Earliest snowfall ever in Denver was September 4 th back a while ago Can get snow early because of high elevations there Doesn t look like we will get a frost but Northern Wisconsin could Can go into some of the other choices on that website we will go through it as time goes on Back to class content Composition of the Atmosphere We looked at the major components of Atmosphere being Oxygen and Nitrogen Many trace gases very little in the total mass of air There percentage is very small but they have important effects overall The effects are important to radiate Even though some of the gasses are much thinner then rest of atmosphere still important Carbon dioxide for example is a …