MANA 3318 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 3 Lecture 1 August 21 Chapter 1 Organizational Behavior and Opportunity 1 1 Human Behavior in Organizations define org behavior Orgs been described as clockworks and snakepits Clockworks are orderly ideal and free of conflict or dilema Snakepits are daily conflicts and struggles Opportunities favorable times or chances for progress and advancement Change the transformation or modification of an organization and or its stakeholders Challenge the call to competition contest or battle Organizational behavior the study of individual behavior and group dynamics in organizations Primarily concerned with psychosocial interpersonal and behavioral dynamics in orgs Org variables affect human behavior at work like jobs design of work communication performance appraisal org design and org structure 1 1a Understanding Human Behavior Most theories of human behavior fall into two categories internal or external perspectives Internal looks at the workers minds to understand behavior Uses thoughts history feelings and personal values Gave rise to motivational and leadership theories External looks at external events consequences and environment Gave rise to alternative set of motivational and leadership theories 1 1b Interdisciplinary Influences Org behavior is a blend of psychology sociology engineering anthropology management and medicine Psychology the science of human behavior Org psych usually overlaps with org behavior Sociology the science of society Focusses on behavior in groups Engineering the applied science of energy and matter Enhances understanding of the design of work Anthropology the science of human learned behavior Deals with organizational culture Management the study of overseeing activities and supervising people in organizations First called administrative science First area to take modern corporation as unit of analysis Medicine the applied science of healing or treating diseases to enhance an individual s health and well being Focusses on physical psych and mental health Caused growth of corporate wellness programs and ergonomics study of design and fit of tools for work 1 2 Behavior in Times of Change 4 action steps for responding positively in times of change People often see change as a threat and respond with rigidness and reaction instead of openness and responsiveness Big changes disrupt ppls habitual behavior 4 steps for adapting to change 1 have a positive attitude 2 ask questions 3 listen to the answers 4 be committed to success Learn from failure Our behavior often determines failure or success 1 3 The Organizational Context important system components 1 3a Organizations as Open Systems Open systems for interacting components like ppl tasks tech and structure These are internal components They also interact with the orgs task environment Many forms of orgs such as corporations religious military and family People in different orgs often act alike Look at open system components and task environment to see how the org works 4 major internal components are task people technology and structure along with orgs inputs outputs and key elements in task environment Task an organization s mission purpose or goal for existing People the human resources of an org Technology the tools knowledge and or techniques used to transform inputs into outputs Structure the systems of communication authority and roles and workflow Orgs also have task environment composed of different things such as suppliers customers federal regulators unions and competitors Inputs are human info material and financial resources Throughputs are materials and resources as they are transformed into the output the products or services 1 4 The Formal and Informal Organization describe formal and informal elements of an org Formal org Overt goals and objectives policies and procedures job descriptions financial resources authority structure communication channels products and services Informal org covert beliefs and assumptions perceptions and attitudes values feelings group norms informal leaders Formal organization the official legitimate and most visible part of the system Formal is a clockwork Informal organization the unofficial and less visible part of the system Informal is a snake pit Hawthorne studies studies conducted during the 1920s and 1930s that suggested the importance of the informal organization Can have conflicts between formal and informal orgs 1 5 Diversity of Organizations factors that contribute to diversity or orgs in the economy Orgs operate in each sector of the economy private manufacturing service government and nonprofit Private play important role Manufacturing produces basic materials and finished products Service is transportation financial insurance and retail Government is infrastructure Nonprofit meets needs others don t address 1 6 Change Creates Opportunities opportunities that change creates for org behavior Change creates opportunities and risks Can lead to marginalization downsizing and restructuring Can also lead to revitalization success innovation improvement higher quality products 1 6a Global Competition in Business Increased global competition Intense rivalry Increased pressure to be more productive and add value Employment uncertain 1 6b Customer Focused for High Quality Global competition caused orgs to be more customer focused meet changing product and service demands and exceed customer expectations of high quality Quality can give a competitive edge Total quality management is dedication to constant improvement so needs are met and expectations exceeded Quality improvement leads to customer responsiveness results acceleration and resource effectiveness Six Stigma black belt 1 measure 2 analyze 3 improve 4 control 1 6c Behavior and Quality at Work Total quality improvement happens only when employees have skills and authority to respond with customers needs Quality can be improved by participative management change customer service reward systems better flow of info and active involvement in quality efforts 1 6d Managing Organizational Behavior in Changing Times Managing org behavior in changing times is tough for 4 reasons 1 increasing globalization of orgs operating territory 2 increasing diversity of org workforces 3 constant demand for more moral and ethical behavior at work 4 constant tech innovation with need for skill enhancement 1 7 Learning about Organizational Behavior value of objective