Slide 1Learning OutcomeWhat Is Stress?Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8PSYCHOANALYTICSlide 10The Stress ResponseSlide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Sources of Stress: Work DemandsStress Source: Nonwork DemandsSlide 18Positive StressYerkes-Dodson LawIndividual DistressOrganizational DistressSlide 23Slide 24Individual DifferencesGender EffectsType A Behavior PatternsPersonality HardinessSelf-RelianceSlide 30Preventative Stress ManagementPreventative Stress ManagementPreventative Stress MaintenanceSlide 34Organizational Stress PreventionJob Strain ModelSocial Support at Work and HomeIndividual Preventive Stress ManagementWhat Can Managers Do?Slide 40© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Chapter 7Stress and Well-Being at WorkLearning Outcomes1. Define stress, distress, and strain.2. Compare four different approaches to stress.3. Explain the psychophysiology of the stress response.4. Identify work and nonwork causes of stress.5. Describe the consequences of stress.6. Discuss individual factors that influence a person’s response to stress and strain.7. Identify the stages and elements of preventive stress management for individuals and organizations.© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Learning OutcomeDefine stress, distress, and strain.1© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.What Is Stress?[Stress] – the unconscious preparation to fight or flee that a person experiences when faced with any demand[Stressor ] – the person or event that triggers the stress response[Distress (or strain)] – the adverse psychological, physical, behavioral, and organizational consequences that may arise as a result of stressful events© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Learning OutcomeCompare four different approaches to stress.2Homeostatic/MedicalStress occurs when an external demand upsets an individual’s natural, steady-state balance. 4 APPROACHES TO STRESS© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.•Individuals differ in their appraisal of events and people•What is stressful for one person is not for another •Perception and cognitive appraisal determines what is stressful COGNITIVE APPRAISAL© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Problem-focused copingemphasizes managing the stressorCOGNITIVE APPRAISALEmotion-focused copingemphasizes managing your response•Confusing and conflicting expectations in a social role create stress. •Good person-environment fit occurs when one’s skills and abilities match a clearly defined set of role expectations. •Stress occurs when expectations are confusing or when they conflict with one’s skills. PERSON-ENVIRONMENT FIT© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.PSYCHOANALYTICSTRESSDiscrepancy between the idealized selfand the real self-image© 2011Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Learning OutcomeExplain the psychophysiology of the stress response.3The Stress ResponseRelease of chemical messengers© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Activation of sympathetic nervous and endocrine systems© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.How often do the following happen to you? Always (3), often (2), sometimes (1), or never (0)? Rate each statement on a scale from 0 to 3, as honestly as you can and without spending too much time on any one statement.Am I Overstressed?1. I have to make important snap judgments and decisions.2. I am not consulted about what happens on my job or in my classes.3. I feel I am underpaid.4. I feel that no matter how hard I work, the system will mess it up.5. I do not get along with some of my coworkers or fellow students.6. I do not trust my superiors at work or my professors at school.7. The paperwork burden on my job or at school is getting to me.8. I feel people outside the job or the university do not respect what I do.Record your score as the sum of your responses.Beyond the Book:Stress Check© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.How often do the following happen to you? Always (3), often (2), sometimes (1), or never (0)? Rate each statement on a scale from 0 to 3, as honestly as you can and without spending too much time on any one statement.Am I Angry?1. I feel that people around me make too many irritating mistakes.2. I feel annoyed because I do good work or perform well in school, but no one appreciates it.3. When people make me angry, I tell them off.4. When I am angry, I say things I know will hurt people.5. I lose my temper easily.6. I feel like striking out at someone who angers me.7. When a coworker or fellow student makes a mistake, I tell him or her about it.8. I cannot stand being criticized in public.Record your score as the sum of your responses, and add it to your score from the previous section.Beyond the Book:Stress Check© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.To find your level of anger and potential for aggressive behavior, add your scores from both quiz parts.40–48: The red flag is waving, and you had better pay attention. You are in the danger zone. You need guidance from a counselor or mental health professional, and you should be getting it now.30–39: The yellow flag is up. Your stress and anger levels are too high, and you are feeling increasingly hostile. You are still in control, but it would not take much to trigger a violent flare of temper.10–29: Relax, you are in the broad normal range. Like most people, you get angry occasionally, but usually with some justification. Sometimes you take overt action, but you are not likely to be unreasonably or excessively aggressive. 0–9: Congratulations! You are in great shape. Your stress and anger are well under control, giving you a laid-back personality not prone to violence.Beyond the Book:Stress Check© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Learning OutcomeIdentify work and nonwork causes of stress.4Sources of Stress: Work Demands © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Stress Source: Nonwork Demands© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Learning OutcomeDescribe the consequences of stress.5© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Positive Stress•Stress response itself is neutral•Some stressful activities (aerobic exercise, etc.) can enhance a person’s ability to manage stressful demands or situations•Stress can provide a needed energy boostYerkes-Dodson Law© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights