a As a result, the power and status of the monarchy and the church fell into declineThe Shift of the Criollos (1820-1)Promised by people that they would get the same privileges as the Peninsulares gotThey didn’t get it.They switched sidesOpposed the revolution, now that are joined up with itWins political and economic weight for the Mexican revolutionLed by Auguste IturbideCreole officer and got 2500 troops.This force was to go out and defeat Gen. GuererroInstead, he joined up with him.Combined their troops with Mexican rebel troopsGuerrero gets military sideThey negotiate the plan de IgualaPlan de IgualaFormally declared Mexican independenceThree guaranteesMexico is an independent constitutional monarchyThe crown would be offered to an appropriate European princeIf no one was chosen, the Mexican congress could choose himThe catholic church would hold a monarchyFirst dibs on everything and all the clergy retain all traditional rights of no taxation, say how things are runUnityCreoles and Peninsulares = legally equal and treated as such. Same status in social and judicial systems.Battles continued until Iturbide and VincenteA primitive, isolated, sparsely settled outpost of the Spanish empireChanging Spanish GoalsGod, gold and gloryGold? NOConversion to their God? FAIL.Glory = sort of succeeded, but not very wellTexas’ place in the Empire?Didn’t devote much to TexasSpain’s legacy in TexasPopulationBy 1821, Mexican independence, there were approx. 4000 Spanish in Texas50% were European1-3% were blackThe rest were Mestizos56% of the adult population was male20% of the births were illegitimateCultureLanguage - still thriving todayTraditions - church holidays to music they composedFoodDressArt and Architecture can still be seenReligionPlace namesProperty rights for women - community property lawsAllowed property rights for womenInheritance to propertyThe right to put property in their nameAdoptionLegally1850, Texas is the second state to make legal adoptionHomestead LawsProtected certain properties from the claims of creditorsSubmerged landsWe follow Spanish water laws in TexasSpecifically regarding where the coastline isGovt has streams, coastal and tidelands up to 10 miles out in the ocean from TexasLandTexas uses land to lure and attract settlers.Used it under 19th centuryMexican rule, Texas rule and even American ruleSlaverySlavery was legal in Spanish empire but didn’t catch hold in TexasBecause it was legal, Anglos imported slavesCatholics didn’t like slavery - owning another personAnglos aren’t CatholicsIndependent MexicoTexas and the First Mexican EmpireCriollos switched sidesAgustin Iturbide - Imperialist - insurgent causeSuffering from delusions of grandeur manipulated people to have himself crowned the first Mexican emperorAugustin the FirstDid it because as Criollos, he cared about securing rights. He was a conservative. Believed that only a strong govt of a very narrow noble few could maintain stability.It was his coalition of both conservative rich people and liberal poor that helped effect Mexican independenceHis stent as emperor lasted 10 monthsSevere problems of his own makingToo much time and national treasure on himselfGrand banquets, balls, outfitting himself and his mansionsSpent alot of his time demanding that people pay attention to etiquette and protocol. Rather than focusing on the needs of the Mexican people - most of which were poorNot identified with the cause of the poor insurgentsInvitation to foreignersStephen F stepped up and agreed to fill in his father’s shoesGov. Martinez hints that Spain will fall and Mexico will rise, informs Stephen F that Augustin 1 refuses to grant Spanish land grant to Austin.Wants to regulate the land by a general immigration law.Austin is alarmed at this - he has families lined up to come to TexasEmperor eventually signs this law after much persuasionThe Imperial Colonization Law 1823Imperial Colonization LawInvitation to foreigners to come settleSettlement would be Empresarios-basedEmpresarios = Stephen F. AustinLand grant / contractorWould introduce families in units of 200 or moreReceived premium lands to the amount of 3 haciendas and 2 laborsHad 12.5 cent fees from all those peopleAllowed for land grants to heads of familiesRanchers get a league of land (4428 acres) for freeFarmers get a labor of land (177 acres) for freeSettlers declared themselves BOTH farmers and ranchers to get both land grantsAllowed for tax exemptionsHad 6 years tax freeAfter the first 6 years, you only had to pay half of your full tax rate for another 6 yearsLocal governmentPeople who came without Empresarios were free to do so.Each area could elect their local mission officers and their local mayors or alcaldesAlcaldes = justice of the peaceAustin also allowed his settling districts to ensure uniformity of court procedure by drawing up and planning simple civil codes.When the population increased and the load on the alcaldes were burdensome, there was a court (copy of the supreme court) where all the alcaldes were togetherProvided for gradual emancipationArticle 30, you can’t bring slaves into the empire, however, children of slaves were declared free at the age of 13.Prohibited domestic slave trade.Who’s going to police this?The people who settled this land had to provide evidence of good moral characterMostly wanted catholic citizens to settle in MexicoOnce people stayed for three years, they were automatically granted citizenship if they were married and self supporting.The Federalists and TexasInternal divisionsWere everywhere in the emperors admin.Agustin is increasinglySetup his own juntaCommittee run by military officersAll of this is settled around the emperor.When the republican congressmen get pissed,The press calls for his headAgustin fleesMay 11, he sails for Italy to get his butt out of Mexico.When he left, he left so fast that he didn't know there was a contract on his headHe sails from Europe and thinks he’s going to retake MexicoHe is recognized, captured and shotGuadalupe Victoria, Federal president of MexicoThe Federal Constitution 1824Mexico is governed by the Mexico constitutionFirst the principles of federalist govtBicameral legislature2 houses, 1 senate and 1 chamber of deputiesSimilar in that it divides power