HIST 226 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture The Mission System and Early Mission Settlements The Franco Spanish Rivalry French Louisiana and Consolidatng Spanish Texas San Saba Mission Outline of Current Lecture Imperial Spain Spain’s Leaders and Monarch History Spain’s Hierarchy Spain’s Economic Decline Colonial Administration Current Lecture Imperial Spain Imperial over-‐commitment •Dificult to defend an imperial holding -‐ like that in North America •Spain has most of Southwest all the way to Florida •Spain is stretched really far and wide and normally too thin •No physical economic and human resources to deal with the physical and human problems Internal Divisions •Empire is not very unifed as the Spanish thought •Proliferated between Iberian and Castile society •Nobility struggled with one another for supremacy •17th century Spanish society o 10% of classes were considered nobility o Nobles held most of the political power o Wealth concentrated in the Grande class  Nobles under the Grande were obsessed with status  Wanted to be seen, addressed and known as nobles  Didn’t want to do the work to be noble  You could buy a noble title, but everyone knows you weren’treallynoble and born into noble blood o Monarchs at the top o Grandes under the monarchs  Dukes, Marquis, Counts, Viscounts o Titulos  Landed lords -‐ where we get “landlords” from  Has jurisdiction over the lands that they occupy, even though the lands are the Crowns, not theirs  EVERYTHING that you have is given to you by the crowns Aristocratc life comes from the people that work their lands Considered the parasites of society Gets rich off of other people Obsessed with upward mobility into nobilityo Caballeros Controlled lands in municipal govt Collected taxes and spending the govts money for necessity things The modern IRS agento Hidalgos Lowest grade of the Spanish nobility Rank above the ordinary citzen but below the greater lords Status granted directly by the crown "Knights", must get knighted OR inherited by birth Term was around by 1100s Title of Don so-‐in-‐soo Commoners Largest class Includes middle class Lesser members of govt People employed by the govt•OR holyorders•OR soldiers in militaryservice Peasants - ‐ under the commoners - ‐ no ttle Drafed into the army, do the farming, alot of slop workDemographic and Economic Stagnation•Populaton of Spain 8.5 million•End of 1600s it was about 7 milliono Reasons for the drop includeDisease Bubonic plagueTyphus Small pox Over crowded and unhygienic places Economic decline Higher cost for food Widespread malnutrition The Great Plague of 1592 claimed 10% of the population1647-‐52 and 1676-‐85 claimed another 1,250,000 lives•Populaton compared to France was 18.5 million•Migraton / Expulsion was also a factor in the populaton declineo Moors and Jews were expelled out of Spain•Constant war was also a problem concerning populaton growtho Spain was a war with someone for the last 112 yearsEconomic Decline•Entailed propertyo Land is passed down through family. You don’t have to pay taxes on thatland.Nobles and the church have alot of land that has things happening on it, but no tax money is going to the crown•Poverty and Vagrancyo Stagnated the economy and the economy lef, on foot!o People wandered around looking for jobs, towns, meals, lodging Never settled down or contributed taxes to the economy•Clericso All the new converted Christans need more clergyo More clergy, don’t have to pay taxes Less tax moneypaid•Statuso People trying to get status. Nobles don’t have to pay taxes Living off of society Doesn’t form business, create jobso Less revenue for the govt•Charityo It’s not the govts job to give charityo That’s the church’s job - -‐ ‐ said nobilityo People should help themselves•Govt PolicyWeak Leadership•Charles II - ‐ Charles the Mad•Assumed the throne at age 4o Last king of Spain from Habsburgo 1661 - ‐ 1700o Reigned from 1665-‐his death•Cleverly organized marriageso Gained lots of land Germany, Netherlands and Spain Including Spanish Texas•Intermarriage so as to not share with anyone•SUPER IMBRED•95.3% of his genes could be traced back to just 5 ancestorso Mental, physical and emotonal disabilites as a resulto Nicknamed “The Hexed” because of sucho Big headed, weak breast fed baby, Couldn’t speak untl age 4, unable towalk until age 8, short, physically weak, thin, emaciated, displayed anextreme version of the Habsburg jawo Massive under bite, can’t chew, large tongue, drooled constantly. Abulich, would stand stll in a room staring and drooling at the furniture•Married at 18, 29 but left no decedentso Sufered from diarrhea and vomitng frequentlyo Looked like a geriatric, could barely stand up and had hallucinationso Hypersensitve and strange Had his underlings dig up his ancestors corpses so he could observethemo Had a nervous breakdown and retred his authority to the throne.Had a fever, abdominal pain and died before his 39th birthday•His inability to father an heir sparked the war of the Spanish Successiono Half a million people died fghtng over who would inherit his throneThe Decline of Imperial Spain: Problems in Texas•Geographyo Size alone leads to problems Do you populate this? Yes, but settlements cost money To administer To govern To maintain•The Mission Systemo Understafed Too few clergy Too few soldiers Too few settlers and crafsmano Indians leave or die off Disease they have no resistance too Had a few successes, but they weren’t partcularly successful as far as what they wanted to doo Relatonships with indiansTrade Mercantlism says the Spanish can’t trade with any AmericanIndians without royal sayso Allowed the French to make good relatonships with those nativeAmericanso Unable to defeat the Comanche or the Apacheso No clerical resources to maintain healthy relatonships with the Indians.o Inability to make any lastng nonindian settlements doesn’t help.o Canary Islanders are about the only people Spain got to