HIST 226 1st Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture •Native Tribes Continued and Finished •The Spanish Empire •Spanish Missions and Explorations •The Spanish’s Search for Gold Outline of Current Lecture The Mission System and Early Mission Settlements The Franco Spanish Rivalry French Louisiana and Consolidatng Spanish Texas San Saba Mission Current Lecture The Mission System •Three goals o Christianize the Indians o Convert them to taxpaying citizens o To substantate Spanish territorial claims Under the care of missionaries •The institute largely succeeded because it did further Spanish goals of political economic and religious expansion in America compared to other European natons •Monarchs determined when and where missions would be opened or closed o Policies missions would observe o Who would observe the missionaries o How many could be a missionary o How many soldiers could be at a mission o Mission start up costs o Missionaries annual salary o Military protection and enforcement •The Franciscans established all missions in Texas •Missionaries established autonomous Christian towns with communal property, labor, worship and political life and social relations.  Wanted this to be even secular Spaniards  Strove for immune converts to engage in life that followed routne of prayer,work, training in a skill or craft, meals and even relaxaton, punctuated by religious holidays and celebrations Indian converts were expected to mature in their faith and empiricalSpanishpolitical and economic practices. Presidio •Fortified bases Spaniards built to protect people of the church from hostle natves, pirates and other colonists •Specific roles = protected 1716 missionaries in E. Texas Served as a listening post on the French •Patrolled the coast from invaders and looked for shipwrecks •Curved French trading activities along the coast •Served as a bufer from Comanches Soldiers assigned to protect the missionaries These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture.GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.•Carried the mail•Explored the country side•Aggressiveness and conduct to Indian women caused problemsConferences with Indians were conducted at presidiosPresidios were oasises for travelers•Soldiers and families built their homes around here•Small settlements grew upEarly Spanish Missions•Occupaton of New Mexico - ‐ Juan de Onate (1598 - ‐ 1607)•Stated objectve was to spread roman Catholicism establish•April 30 1598, claimed all of Mexico beyond the Rio Grande for Spain•Camped among the Pueblo•Founded the province of Santa Fe•Became the provinces first governor•October 1598 - ‐ Spanish military forces demanded supplies from the Pueblo Indians that were essental to the Indians survival in the winter•Indians resisted the demands and 12 Spaniards were killed•War began and Onate retaliated for his nephew’s death.o Enslaved remaining 500 and the Spanish amputated the left foot of every mano Females were sent off as slavesSeveral forced to commit suicideCorpus Christi de la Ysleta - ‐ 1682San Clemente - ‐ 1683-‐4Motvatons were gold, god and gloryThe Franco Spanish rivalryLa Salle landed on the Texas coast•Near Sabine pass on New Years day in 1685•Looking for the Mississippi and a trade route to Canadao Missedo Skirted the coasto Ended at Lavaca rivero Stranded in the Tx wilderness•Established Fort St. Louiso Built of tmber from the wrecked shipo Used the fort for exploraton and protecton from Indianso Disease and famine reduced the ranks Also by Karankawascannibalism•Left trying to once again reach Canadao Attacked by Indianso Rescuedo Few joined tribes and lived their lives as nativesLa Salle was murdered by his men later•Noted for his personal failures•Gave France some claim to Mississippi valley, Texas and LAo Claim in Tx was never really serious, but gave the US an advantage to challengeSpainSpaniards also saw this trespass on “Spanish” soil as a real threatSan Francisco de los Tejas•Mission and presidio set up in response•4 priests lead by father Damien menasa, de leon and 100 troops set out to conquer Texas for Spaino De leon left behind 3 soldiers, later reinforced with 6 soldierso Priests establish another mission Epidemic, drought and running out of gifts for the natves, lost the Spanish loyaltes and natves became hostle•Failure illustrated that missions wouldn’t succeed withoutSpanish Imperial situaton: Issues in the empire•Humiliated territorial, military and diplomatc defeats•Internal revolts•Piracy•Defeat of the Spanish treasure fleet•Weak leadershipSpanish responses and consolidation•Introo San Juan Bautista Served as a gateway and base of operatons into and outof Texas Inhabited mostly by church plant of 150 coahuiltecan converts who sought the mission Father Francisco was a dedicated missionary who desired to return to E Texas to work with natves there Frustrated by bureaucratc ways, he writes to the French governor to help•The father’s reaching out to the French creates tension with the French•Spaniards see French LA as a massive threat to the 18thcentury Spanish heldTexas.o French interested in growing an economic empire, not a religious one. Wanted to establish trade with theSpaniardso Gov. Cadillac looked for a way for the French to help the Spanish with their missionary work.•French Louisianao St. Denis (1714-‐6)o Given task by Gov. Cadillaco Set up small trading posts with the Indianso Travelled to St. Bautista Caused the Spanish to be fearful Spain only wanted to trade with themselves. Not with foreignerso Initally thrown in jailo Falls in love with the daughter of the commander of the presidio in San Bautista Marries hero Hidalgo and St. Denis go to city to explain themselves Trade can now happen between Spain and France 6 missions established under French Settlements need supplies•Martn de Alarcon - ‐ San Antonio de Calero/ Bexaro Established Alamo as rest staton between the Bautsta and the missions in E. Txo Alamo becomes the most successful mission in Texas•Corporal Blondel and the Chicken War (1719)o Blondel and 6 soldiers go on a scoutng mission Decide to capture the mission of Natchitoches Not their orders Subdue