PHY1020 Exam 1 Study Guide Chapter 1 1 Smart rocks are considered for Ballistic missile defense 2 One watt is equivalent to One joule second 3 The asteroid that killed the dinosaurs exploded because It got very hot from the impact 4 Kinetic energy can be measured in Calories 5 Which of the following statements is true Power is energy divided by time 6 For each of these mark whether it is a unit of energy E or power P a Horsepower P b Kilowatt hour E c Watt P d Calorie E 7 Hybrid vehicles run on Electric power and gasoline 8 What is the main reason that hydrogen driven automobiles have not replaced gasoline ones Hydrogen is too difficult to store in an automobile 9 Compared to an equal weight of gasoline U 235 can deliver energy that is greater by a factor of choose the closest value One million 10 Which of the following contains the most energy per gram Uranium not TNT chocolate chip cookies or battery 11 Compare the energy in a kilogram of gasoline to that in a kilogram of flashlight batteries The gasoline has about 10 times as much energy 12 Which is least expensive for the same energy delivered Coal not gasoline natural gas or AAA batteries 13 The kinetic energy of a typical 1 gram meteor is approximately equal to the energy of 10 grams of gasoline Hundreds of years 14 Coal reserves in the United States are expected to last for 15 A limitation for all electric automobiles is Low energy density per battery 16 Solar power is about choose all that are correct 1 kW per square meter 1 gigawatt per square km 17 The efficiency of inexpensive solar cells is closest to 12 18 A human running up stairs can briefly use power of approximately 19 A 12 oz can of soft drink not the diet or lite kind contains about 20 A large nuclear power plant delivers energy of about 1 horsepower 150 Calories 1 gigawatt 21 Electricity from a AAA battery costs the consumer about 1000 per kilowatt hour 22 Electricity from a wall plug costs the consumer about 10 per kilowatt hour 23 The energy per gallon not per pound of liquid hydrogen compared to gasoline is about 3x less 24 Most of the hydrogen we use in the United States comes from It is manufactured from fossil fuels and or water 25 You have 10 tungsten bulbs and each uses 100 watts You leave them all on for an hour The energy used is 1 kilowatt hour 26 The kinetic energy of a bullet per gram is within a factor of 2 None of the above not about the same as the energy released from 1 gram of TNT about the same as the kinetic energy in a typical 1 gram meteor or about the same as the energy released by 1 gram of chocolate chip cookies Chapter 2 1 If you double the energy content of a kilogram of gas the temperature of the gas measured on the absolute K scale Doubles 2 About how fast are molecules in air moving 1000 ft sec 3 Temperature is the measure of 4 Average kinetic energy In a bucket of water the instantaneous speed of the molecules is closest to Approximately 1000 feet per second 5 A refrigerator operating in a room Warms the room 6 A refrigerator with its door open is operating in a room It Has no effect on the room 7 A table has the same temperature as the air above it That means that the molecules in the air and in the table have The same average energy Ice melts at 0 C 8 9 A gas heater warms a room mostly through Convection 10 The velocity of sound Increases when the temperature increases 11 If a gasoline engine produces a hotter explosion then the efficiency of the engine should Go up Hydrogen 125 000 12 A cup full of water and made of plastic feels warmer than one made of glass because Plastic conducts heat less than glass 13 The atom with the fewest number of protons is 14 How many atoms are there in the width of a human hair About 15 The speed of sound is approximately 1000 feet per second 16 Put a hot glass in cool water The glass shatters because The outer surface of the glass contracts rapidly but the inner part doesn t 17 Sea level is rising from a global warming The main cause is Expanding seawater 18 The temperature warms by 2 C That is approximately the same as 4 F 19 Heat a room using the least energy by Using natural gas to run a heat pump 20 There is almost no hydrogen gas in the atmosphere because It escapes the Earth s gravity 21 At Mach 10 if all the energy of a meteorite went into heating the meteorite its temperature would be about 30 000 C 22 The New Orleans levees failed because They were weaker at the thermal expansion joints 23 If temperature rises by 5 C 9 F then the rise in sea level will be about 2 feet 24 For a typical auto the fraction of the gasoline energy wasted as heat is about careful this may be a trick question 80 25 The temperature in the sun Is not well defined 26 When a material is cooled Some materials contract and some expand 27 The melting temperature of an object is usually Equal to its freezing point 28 Absolute zero is the temperature of Nothing of 1000 29 When a liquid boils the increase in volume liquid to gas is typically a factor 30 If the temperature of a gas in a container goes from 0 C to 300 C the pressure will Become 300 times greater 31 Firewalking is similar to Water on a saucepan 32 For gasoline to explode it needs To be mixed with oxygen 33 To be more efficient the temperature difference between the ignited hot fuel and the cool part of the engine should be As large as possible 34 Heat flow through empty space no atoms present Occurs through radiation 35 Entropy optional topic measures 36 Molecular motion stops at Disorder 0 K Chapter 4 1 Energy in the Sun is produced primarily by Fusion 2 The mass of the nucleus is closest to 99 of that in the entire atom 3 Radioactivity in the Earth leads to All of the above energy for volcanoes helium for toy balloons and heat for geysers 4 LD50 refers to a Lethal dose 5 A major reason that your body is radioactive is that You eat radioactive carbon in your food 6 The primary cause of death from the Hiroshima bomb was The blast from the bomb 7 Fission fragments are Among the most dangerous kind of radiation 8 Wine made from fossil fuels is not radioactive because 9 The radioactivity has decayed away If the half life of an element is big that means that It decays slower than one with a small half life 10 Muller wears a wristwatch …
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