Review Psychology Chapter 5 we ve done the equation Ivan Pavlov he made up classical conditioning was studying digestion and dog unconditioned stimulus meat dog had natural response unconditioned response drooling dog did after we ve done whatever neutral stimulus bell completely neutral to the digestion conditioned stimulus paired the bell with the meat conditioned response dog still rolled as a result of the bell being part of Watson baby albert classical conditioning baby albert to fear taste diversion being conditioned not to like the taste of something avoiding something Thorndike law of effect studied cats operant conditioning came from B F Skinner law of effect if you are rewarded you will continue the behavior if you don t then you wont continue it B F Skinner said there are positive and negative reinforcement reward positive reinforcement person is getting something pleasant negative reinforcement still getting rewarded but rewarded by losing something that was uncomfortable punishment makes you decrease behavior years of research has shown that punishment is decreasing the behavior that you don t want behavior you want physical punishment is actually harmful and causes the child to become angry continuous reinforcement constantly giving reward overtime you see the partial reinforcement sometimes giving reward and sometimes not fixed ratio sets set number variable ratio changing changing number fixed interval interval meaning set time variable interval interval meaning changing time dont worry about primary and secondary reinforcers and token economy Chapter 6 information processing approcah very similar to computer 3 functions encoding imputing it in storing filing it in retrieval later on when you need to find it 3 basic functions 3 stages model of memory sensory using senses to store memory short term memory long term memory explicit actually have to reach and search itself to find the memory and implicit coming naturally and you don t have to think about it 2 types of memory iconic things you hear and echoic memory things you see capacity how much bits of info you can store at once chunking chunk bits of info together maintenance rehearsal repeating information over and over again or elaborative rehearsal little more elaborate and trying to form ideas and trying to attach meaning forget the middle part primacy and recency effect always remember first and last thing you hear and working memory model looks like wedding cake we don t need levels of encoding schema map for stuff you already know declarative memory and non declarative memory declarative is types of memory like names dates and non declarative is memory for skills two types of declarative memory are semantic and episodic semantic are ideas and concepts you have to learn and episodic means for events in your life retrieval when you are trying to pull stuff out of your memory smell something can be a retrieval cue interference theory forget things because something is interfering with the memory retrograde interference new info interferes with memory and proactive interference old memory interfering with memory Chapter 7 deductive reasoning going from general to specific and inductive reasoning going from specific to bigger decision making us making choices we use 4 things perceive outcome wondering what the outcome will be from your decision probability what are the odds that this is gonna work for me loss aversion is this gonna cost me more than I need measuring cost vs gain risk aversion its worth the risk am I gonna lose it because of this decision language accusation are we born with it nature or do we learn it nurture cooing what babies do and just vowel sounds and babbling phonies is consonants start coming in morphine morphing gesture with vowels OVER EXTENSION IS WHEN YOU USE ONE WORD FOR A LOT OF THINGS and under extension is the opposite when the child believe that one word means one thing telegraphic speech is basically when the child starts putting two words together sociocultural theory says that its the elders of the cultures that pass on the beliefs and customs to the children and thats how language is acquired Binet who made the first IQ test but basically Banet came up with the theory that he figured out the IQ and came up with mental age Lewis Terman basically took the foundation of what Binet came up with and came up with IQ Intelligence Quotient Wexler s IQ test had sub scales sections when you are testing an IQ test it has to have reliability are you getting the same results over and over again valid test somebody came up with fluid intelligence how fast you can learn new things and crystalized intelligence how much do you know