Thursday November 19 2015 12 59 PM Life Span Methodology Psychological Bio Theory 1 2 Longitudinal Studies follow a set of people over a set of lifetime keeping track of what one does eats record of life Cross sectional Studies compare what the average person can do at a specific age level Psychological Santa Clause Easter Bunny Biological Growing Societal Cultural Environmental factors Prenatal Development Environment v Heredity Zygote fertilized egg cell Genotype total genetic makeup Phenotype observed traits Ex hazel eyes Dominant Gene determine if individual will have certain characteristics Recessive Gene do not dominate however gives blue eyes Chromosomes rod shaped bodies made up of genes Ex Human has 46 DNA genetic blueprint Genetic Defects not child s fault sometimes genetic Huntington s Disease neurological disorder happens when one is 20 yrs Old Sickle cell Anemia cells have trouble taking on O2 Down syndrome 21st Chromosome defective FAS mother drinks during pregnancy Ex flat nose learning disabilities Genetic Counseling what one can do to prevent problems genetically LIFESPAN IS ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHERS Prenatal Testing ultrasound checkups Amneostesis test chromosomes for deficiency Physical Development Child Brain neurons develop as fetus develops Motor Development deals with certain tasks what the child can do Ex fetus sucking thumb in womb Perception distinguish color faces danger when fetus develops into a child Reflexes instinct to environment 1 Darwinian Reflex ability of newborn to hold onto something a Ex hands hair 2 3 Moro Reflex child lays on back and opens arm waiting for parent Rooting Reflex child follows finger and wants to suck on it Cognitive Development Paiget How kids grow and develop Theory 1 Schema THEORY mental structure in brain allowing one to think a certain way Assimilation have a certain schema allowing one to do something else with no problem what so ever Accommodation new way of thinking to do something Equilibrium mixture of assimilation and accommodation Stages of Development Conducting actions task such as crawling 1 Sensory Motor doing stuff such as crawling a Object Prominence hiding an object on a child then he finds it i Ex parents leave room child expects they are gone forever no return 2 Preoperational Stage 2 7 yrs Old kids work with symbols i Ex putting a puzzle together Lecture 5 Page 1 i Ex putting a puzzle together a b Egocentrism they can t look at another P O V THEIR WAY ONLY Animistic they give certain animal characteristics to objects i Ex imaginary dog play doll Transduction 4 7 yrs Old half real half fake experience Ex child calling a horse an elephant Conservation kids can t understand concept of volume or conversion 1 2 Ex take a nickel over a dime because it s bigger not due to monetary aspect Decentralize see different P O V Ex Dad has different rules than mom problems start Reversibility can occur in this operation Formal Operations 12 yrs Old to death think abstractly do thing s in one s head Ex complete thesis statement Theory 2 Generation to Generation families passing on knowledge and behaviors to their children Ex motorial and emotional skills from parents picked up Dr Kohlberg where do you get your morals from Talks about stages of moral development Erikson s Stages of Psychological Development States problems one goes through in life Explains lessons virtues learned Attachment Theory genetic variable describing how unlearned behavior will follow first person it sees Ex geese 1st 24 hr period attachment imprinting Konrad Lorenz Parenting Styles How one teaches and disciplines their child 1 2 3 4 Adolescence Authoritarian ridged tough Authoritative shows authority with reasoning and kindness Permissive do what you want attitude no rules Uninvolved more interested in sex rather than playing baseball with child Dr Stanley Hall grandfather of adolescent theory Starts at puberty brain is still developing stops at age 24 Moral reasoning stats to develop believing in own moral standards Problem Imaginary Audience adolescents think people know what they are thinking Idea of Entitlement feeling that I m so special always about me attitude on one can lose ADOLESCENCE IS A TIME OF STORM AND STRESS Ex Am I masculine enough Ego Identity v Oral Confusion Ex Am I a guy however one acts like this to irritate other individuals Adulthood Death Early 20 40 yrs Old career springing Middle 40 65 yrs Old are you making a living are you healthy Late 65 onward integrity v despair was life worth living ready to go death Grieving process is different amongst people varies upon emotional state Lecture 5 Page 2