Religion2121 September 8 2015 From shtetl to ghetto Old country life shtetl Mostly small communities Occasionally larger towns but with Jewish neighborhood or area Jews lived on outskirts of kelme Lithuania Close knit jewish communities Rabbis in short supply Torah Jewish bible teachings Tzaddik kind of inspired person They have a way with words and may have visions Claims to have connection to God Synagogues rhythms of community life tradition people read Torah and sometimes rabbis come through Community gathers here Traditions of the shtetl life unchallenged in many cases Inbreed reliance of these traditions You just do it because your ancestors did it These communities go unchallenged Defense of tradition not a usual exercise Shtetl Jews unpracticed in responding to criticism of their religion If no one questions your life you do not think to create an explanation That creates a problem once they leave the small community Exception persecutions but they are not debates People just come in riding on horses killing the jews Immigration 1880 1920 Progrom like thunder Cossacks 1881 and later Cossacks attack Jews taking place around Poland Russia Ukraine etc persecution leads to immigration flee to united states 1 7 million Jewish immigrants from 1881 1918 settle in Jewish ghettos in large cities ghettos immigrants and poverty especially New York lower east side ghetto for Jewish people immigrant life get a job who will hire you clothes hair speech food hours days differences all over Americans open to immigration but the differences still sketched them and made them suspicious making a living peddlars just selling stuff on street in cart Gets stuff for wholesale then sells it on street Good at meddling leads to becoming a merchant Jews very good at garment business Jews become professionals like lawyers and doctors Its hard to work up in groups b c of anti Jew vibes greenhorns newly arrived Jews Even though you re in new York you haven t realized that life is different in US Yarmulke greenhorn wear these hats greenhorns have forelocks Jews wear black No one else wore black They wear black because the fourth Lateran council of 1215 Jews must wear only black clothes as a stigma marking them as the Christ killers deeply rooted anti Semitism in the west Jews just kept wearing black later on because it identified them as Jewish and just because everyone else did it Proud to be a Jew why they kept to the tradition Can Shtetl Judaism survive in new York to what extent did Jewish immigrants compromise what experience did Jews have in compromising their religions traditions could one remain a few and make the changes necessary to fit in and earn a living To succeed in America Judaism orthopraxy Ortho is Greek word for straight or to make straight Praxy is another word from practice Orthopraxy the straight practice How you are supposed to do things This is the right thing right practice Ritual life at center of religion Practice of religion Shortfall of tools with which to debate Gentiles Their religion is so heavy on practice that they are not taught to explain debate their practice From Jewish tradition to social Darwinism crust of ritual caves in what is underneath social theory sucked into the center Jews embrace social Darwinism as new religion they are trying to fit into this larger world of finance and business but will not convert to Christianity social Darwinism same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals Now largely discredited social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism imperialism and racism and to discourage intervention and reform Orthodox reformed conservative orthodoxy in retreat reform Judaism short on tradition for many immigrants conservative a center ground between modern Jew and orthodox Jews Try to keep jewish traditions but still fit in A middle ground Jewish theological seminary founded 1886 reorganized in 1902 Solomon Schechter college educated dude tried keeping this going Three styles of Judaism among Jews reporting affiliations 1990 40 4 conservative 41 4 reform 6 8 orthodox the rest of that percent identify themselves at cultural jews Cultural jews ethnic identification as a Jew non observance high holy days maybe Yiddish words reconstruction Judaism the theory that individuals groups and peoples are subject to the September 10 2015 Catholics in America why immigrate they have to compete with protestants and there is a shortage of catholic clergy idea of nativism is still important It is already a protestant American they view themselves as the natives Who do you owe your allegiance to in America if you are a catholic you loyal to Rome or America Geroge calvert lord Baltimore connected secretary of state in england 1619 son is cecil calvert second lord Baltimore settles debt land in America Maryland leonard calvert brother to govern ark and dove two boats arrive in Maryland 1634 st mary s founded on the Potomac what did they have on board they have 107 tons of beer and 6 tons of canary wine and several Jesuits along with crew and settlers religious freedom but they have troubles in America protestants anxious about catholic neighbors Virginians unhappy with seeming loss of terrirory father Andrew white Jesuit the apostle of Maryland d 1656 catholic missionary and is worried that protestants next door in Virginia will cause issues the plundering time Richard ingle incited by Anglican William Claiborne and his men angry about loss of investments and other raid Maryland countryside 1645 attacks and plunders St Mary s and brings Jesuits back to England in chains puritans come to Maryland of religious freedom puritans within Maryland also anxious about catholic rule puritans not part of well to do catholic leadership in colony act of concerning religion 1649 cecil calvery appoints protestant governor in 1648 William stone attempt at religious rapprochement act of concerning religion 1649 any kind of Christian is okay except do not deny the trinity do not disrespect virgin and apostles do not say papist keep Sunday holy puritans want purity W Stone replaced by catholic Thomas greene in 1651 toleration act puritans meet and repudiate green s authority and reject and organize military to enforce their views puritans now in power battles of severn in 1655 protestant victory priests exiled wealth taken from catholic colonists protestants in power