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Religion Study Guide Midterm What constitutes religion subjective difficult to define because its hard to create boundaries 1 belief in supernatural powers 2 assemblage of practices symbols beliefs myths metaphors behaviors feelings 3 feeling of absolute dependence 4 sigh of oppresses creature Karl Marx opposed 5 compared to child neurosis Freud opposed 4 aspects of religion 1 transcendent discourse oral written tradition w sacred value 2 set of practices ritual ethical 3 community same texts same precepts same set of practices 4 institutions structure of staffed officials functionaries that speak for the practices of the religion most commonly have all 4 Native American religion varied over differing tribes N A religion does not go along 4 religious themes Passed down in oral tradition Connection to nature respect for the hunted geographical specificity efficacy of dreams visions religious leaders various death traditions Protestant Reformation 16th century religious political intellectual and cultural upheaval that split Catholic Europe setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era Martin Luther known for the Protestant Reformation believed eternity in heaven is not earned by good deeds but is received only as a free gift of God s grace through faith in Jesus Christ Catholicism oldest Christian faith Pope is the leader Church that Martin Luther split from in Reformation because he did not agree with their sale of grievances which pardoned sinners in exchange for money and their belief that good deeds along with faith are necessary to get into heaven Protestantism form of Christian faith originating from the Protestant Reformation after Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses on the church doors They deny the Catholic s view that the Pope is the authority and transubstantiation However disagree amongst themselves over Christ s presence in the Eucharist English Reformation series of events in 16th century England by which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Catholic Church Henry VIII greatly influenced this split because he wanted an annulment of his marriage which the Catholic Church the main church of England disagreed with therefore he split from the Catholic church establishing Protestantism as the main religion Islam monotheistic religion Muhammad is the prophet Qur an is the Islamic holy book Muslims also believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets that their purpose is to worship God or Allah Puritanism religious reform movement that arose within the Church of England in the late sixteenth century characterize the Protestant group as extremists that is a misconception that they are very extreme Reformed Calvinist theology congregation is in charge Congregationalism a system of church governance in which every local church congregation is independent or autonomous Emphasizes the right of each organized congregation to determine its own affairs without having to submit these decisions to the judgment of a higher human authority ie pope etc Anglicanism Church of England tradition within Christianity comprising the Church of England and churches which are historically tied to it or have similar beliefs worship practices and church structures Forms a branch of western Christianity Methodism stems from the origin of much Methodist theology and practice within the teachings of John and Charles Wesley George Whitefield both were priests of the Church of England Originated as a revival within the 18th century Church of England and became a separate Church Emphasis on helping the poor and the average person Baptists group of denominations and churches that subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers Requirimento Spanish document defining the formalities starting war frequently read from the ship to assert sovereignty over Americas It closely resembles unique ritual demand for military demand of Islam Calvinism major branch of Protestantism called the Reformed tradition Reformed Christianity or the Reformed faith is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice of John Calvin and other Reformation era theologians Arminianism is based on the theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius and his historic supporters known as the Remonstrants Differences between Arminianism compared to Calvinism not as extreme conditional election of God saving you atonement for all all who follow faith will be saved freed by grace security in Christ John Sassamon Wussausmon Indian Christian convert interpreter to colonists as well as aid to chief of Wampanoag He was allegedly ambushed and murdered on his way home from Plymouth where he had warned the colonists about his people s plan to attack them King Philips War between Natives colonists Anne Hutchinson Puritan came to New England in 1634 Joined John Cotton s church became a spiritual counsel to other women She expressed strong opinions about legalism of ministers was tried for heresy banished from colony She her followers were called Antimonians Antinomianism there no moral laws God expects Christians to obey Salvation is attained solely through faith and divine grace Roger Williams Puritan minster from England who came to Mass Bay Colony Spoke up as a separatist was banished Established Rhode Island believed in religious liberty separation of church state Became a Baptist Mennonites a Christian group descended from the church communities of Anabaptist denominations Moravians oldest Protestant denomination emerged from the Bohemian Reformation It places a high premium on Christian unity personal piety missions and music Quakers known as the Religious Society of Friends The central unifying doctrine of these movements is the priesthood of all believers African American religion Focused on experience over doctrine Theistic High God Supreme Creator numerous lesser divinities Traditional Magic Healing Burial rituals Medicine to heal or harm Forced African Migration led to no religious belief surviving Little conversion success before 1760 but Baptists and Methodists had more success Slavery And Christianity A force against slavery provided rationale for slavery Encouraged unity promoted division between people A source of Comfort A Ground for Rebellion Kept slaves in


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FSU REL 2121 - Religion Study Guide Midterm

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