FCS 101 Chapter 8 Early Childhood Social and Emotional Development I Dimensions of Child Rearing A Parenting Styles 1 Transmit Values and Standards a Authoritative have control and demands but show support and warmth for children children show high confidence motivation self reliance b Authoritarian value obedience but don t give explanations low in communication low warmth and responsiveness children show girls low independence boys act out all low spontaneity c Permissive low demands high amounts of warmth easy going children show lower school grades but high self esteem d Rejecting low demands little to no warmth children show low competence no responsibility low school grades low self esteem How Parents Enforce Restrictions 2 a Teach Knowledge ex You eat veggies because Inductive Methods 1 it will make you strong not because I said so 2 Reasoning or Explaining b Power assertive Methods Include physical punishment and denial of 1 privileges ex because I said so or spanking c Withdrawal of love method Isolate or ignore misbehaving children ex 1 Time out or taking away meaningful possessions B Social Behaviors 1 Siblings and Peers a Birth Order Wanting to be like an older sibling helping with younger siblings b Sibling Rivalry Viewing competition in siblings favoritism temperament and stress with changes in the family etc c Peers family still primary influence peers influence social skills language skills emotion regulation friendship Nonsocial Activity 1 Unoccupied solitary onlooker forming etc Peer Sociability in Play 2 a b c Parallel Play 1 Social Interaction 1 Coloring next to each other with no interaction Blocks sharing but doing two separate tasks 3 Cognitive Play Categories a b c d Exploring motor activity repetitive Functional Play 1 Construction Play 1 Coloring playing with blocks etc Exploration symbolic thinking problem Make believe Play 1 solving controlling impulses motor skills interaction skills Gender differences 1 2 3 mates of the same sex Boys more vigorous play Girls arts and crafts more polite By the age of two children choose more play 4 Pro social Behavior a Empathy the impact that they have on other children Also decreases aggression b Perspective Taking trying to help in situations but they don t quite know how but they want to take that initiative c Influences on pro social Behavior