Chapter 18 Late Adulthood Social and Emotional Development A Theories of Social and Emotional Development in Late Adulthood 1 Erikson s Theory Ego Integrity versus Despair i Ego Integrity a Feel complete b Serenity and contentment c Associated with psychosocial maturity ii Despair a Feel many decisions were wrong b Bitter and unaccepting c Expressed as anger and contempt 2 Offshoots of Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory i Robert Peck s Developmental Tasks ii Robert Butler s Life Review 3 Some other theories i Disengagement Theory ii Activity Theory iii Socio economical Selectivity Theory B Psychological Development 1 Personality and Self Esteem in Late Adulthood i Secure multifaceted self concept ii Shifts in some characteristics more generous and agreeable but less sociable iii Can more easily handle change 2 Psychological Problems i Depression usually a continuation from previous depression but new depression can arise Depression can also cause certain health risks ii Elder Suicide the highest rates of suicide is in older a Direct doing something to purposely to end your b Indirect actively doing something to increase your chances of dying not eating not taking medicine etc males life iii Anxiety Disorders C Social Contexts of Aging 1 Communities and Housing i Prefer to remain in their homes ii Reasons a To stay home loss of independence more comfortable know everything about that environment not enough money b To go to a nursing home not safe to live alone can t take care of self enough money no close family iii Housing Options Live in care assisted living move in with family members iv Challenges more vulnerable to victimization 2 Risk Factors for Elder Maltreatment i Dependent victim and or perpetrator ii Psychological disturbance stress of perpetrator iii History of family violence iv Greater risk in low quality nursing homes iiv Financial abuse becomes a problem 3 Religion i Social Networking ii Associated with less depression and more life satisfaction fewer problems with ADLs iii Reasons for relative longevity 4 Marriage in Late Adulthood i Satisfaction peaks in late adulthood iii Reorganizing life harder for men 20 25 for men and ii If dissatisfied harder for women 5 Widowhood i Most stressful event of life for many ii Few remarry most live alone are more likely to remarry later on 6 Friendships in Late Adulthood i Friends ii Feels closest to a few nearby friends iii Chooses friends similar to self iv Gender differences continue 7 Relationships with Adult Children and Grandchildren i Quality of relationship affects elders physical and mental health ii Assist each other D Successful Aging 1 Selective Optimization with Compensation i Select narrowing goals more fulfilling and more ii Optimize maximizing your time focusing on specific important to dos iii Compensate finding creative ways to overcome limitations 2 Successful Aging i Minimize losses and maximize gains